Abstract
Negative impacts associated with allowing mass numbers of people into one area occur in a variety of ways. Overcrowding at an attraction creates issues with vandalism, litter, theft and degradation of the site, which in turn impedes tourists from experiencing full satisfaction with the destination due to these problems. In addition, destinations may become more commercialized in order to provide goods and services to tourists to generate more profits, causing a loss of the traditional culture and values of the destination. As a result, some of the more popular tourist destinations have increase fees, imposed fines, staggered hours of entrance and exit times, have hired educated staff members and have partnered with organisations to alleviate the negative impacts associated with overtourism at their heritage and cultural sites.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Ahuja, D. R., & Rajani, M. B. (2016). On the symmetry of the central dome of the Taj Mahal. Current Science, 110(6), 996–999.
ASOR. (2019). About ASOR cultural heritage initiatives. ASOR. Retrieved on October 24, 2019 from http://www.asor.org/chi/about
Benner, M. (2019). From overtourism to sustainability: A research agenda for qualitative tourism development in the Adriatic. MPRA. Retrieved on October 30, 2019 from. https://mpra.ub.unimuenchen.de/92213/
Biagi, B., & Detotto, C. (2014). Crime as tourism externality. Regional Studies, 48(4), 693–709.
Bunten, A. C. (2010). More like ourselves: Indigenous capitalism through tourism. American Indian Quarterly, 34(3), 285–311.
Collyns, D. (2019). UNESCO demands answers from Peru over impact of new Machu Picchu airport. The Guardian. Retrieved on October 24, 2019 from https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2019/aug/09/machu-picchu-airport-unesco-demands-answers-from-peru-government
Coronado, G. (2014). Selling culture? Between commoditisation and cultural control in Indigenous alternative tourism. Pasos, 12, 11–28.
Department of Tourism – Government of Uttar Pradesh. (2018). Taj visitors. Official Website of Taj Mahal. Retrieved on September 15, 2019 from https://www.tajmahal.gov.in/taj_visitors.html
Diamond, M., & Olito, F. (2019). 18 places around the world that are being ruined by tourism. Insider. Retrieved on October 28, 2019 from https://www.insider.com/cities-hurt-by-tourism-2017-12
Dilg-Saßmannshausen, U. (2018). Overtourism in UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Tourism Watch. Retrieved on October 24, 2019 from https://www.tourism-watch.de/en/focus/overtourism-unesco-world-heritage-sites
Goodwin, H. (2017). The challenge of overtourism. Responsible Tourism Partnership. Retrieved on October 30, 2019 from https://haroldgoodwin.info/pubs/RTP\T1\textquoterightWP4Overtourism01\T1\textquoteright2017.pdf
Helmy, E., & Cooper, C. (2002). An assessment of sustainable tourism planning for the archaeological heritage: The case of Egypt. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 10(6), 514–535.
Iverson, T. J. (2010). Cultural conflict: Tourists versus tourists in Bali, Indonesia. International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research, 4(4), 299–310.
Joo, J., Yim, J., & Lee, C. K. (2009). Protecting cultural heritage tourism sites with the ubiquitous sensor network. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 17(3), 397–406.
Kakissis, J. (2018). In Amsterdam, even the tourists say there are too many tourists. NPR. Retrieved on October 24, 2019 from https://www.npr.org/2018/08/07/632012775/in-amsterdam-even-the-tourists-say-there-are-too-manytourists?fbclid=IwAR2MOoZW_MsRYxpGLsOuFs8wmQnc0IIZdpFDZYq_mCznXGQZHO4AZlcyBgI
Kaosa-ard, M. S. (1994). Thailand’s tourism industry-what do we gain and lose. TDRI Quarterly Review, 9(3), 23–26.
Kavaratzis, M. & Hatch, M. J. (2013). The dynamics of place brands: An identity-based approach to place branding theory. Marketing theory, 13(1), 69–86.
Kuščer, K., & Mihalič, T. (2019). Residents’ attitudes towards overtourism from the perspective of tourism impacts and cooperation: The case of Ljubljana. Sustainability, 11(6), 1–16.
Larkin, C., & Dumper, M. (2009). UNESCO and Jerusalem: Constraints, challenges and opportunities. Jerusalem Quarterly, 39, 16–28.
Levin, N., Ali, S., Crandall, D., & Kark, S. (2019). World Heritage in danger: Big data and remote sensing can help protect sites in conflict zones. Global Environmental Change, 55, 97–104.
Marcus, L. (2019, December 12). Taj Mahal increases ticket prices. CNN Travel. Retrieved on 28/10/2019 from https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/taj-mahal-ticket-price-increase/index.html
Martín Martín, J., Guaita Martínez, J., & Salinas Fernández, J. (2018). An analysis of the factors behind the citizen’s attitude of rejection towards tourism in a context of overtourism and economic dependence on this activity. Sustainability, 10(8), 2851.
Maurel, C. (2017). The unintended consequences of UNESCO world heritage listing. The Conversation. Retrieved on October 24, 2019 from http://theconversation.com/the-unintended-consequences-of-unesco-world-heritage-listing-71047
Milano, C., Cheer, J. M., & Novelli, M. (2018). Overtourism: A growing global problem. The Conversation. Retrieved on October 28, 2019 from https://theconversation.com/overtourism-a-growing-global-problem-100029
Nuryanti, W. (1996). Heritage and postmodern tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 23(2), 249–260.
Pedersen, A. (2002). Managing tourism at world heritage sites: A practical manual for World Heritage site managers. Paris: UNESCO World Heritage Centre.
Peru Telegraph. (2019). How many tourists visited Machu Picchu in 2018? Peru Telegraph. Retrieved on October 28, 2019 from https://www.perutelegraph.com/news/peru-travel/how-many-tourists-visited-machu-picchu-in-2018
Pigram, J. J. (1980). Environmental implications of tourism development. Annals of Tourism Research, 7(4), 554–583.
Rosenow, J. E., & Pulsipher, G. L. (1979). Tourism: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Lincoln: Media Productions and Marketing.
Sachs, A. (2018). Peru devise new rules to tackle the mounting crowds on Machu Picchu. The Washington Post. Retrieved on October 24, 2019 from https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/travel/peru-devises-new-rules-to-tackle-the-mounting-crowds-on-machu-picchu/2018/02/02/7ac380d6-061b-11e8-8777-2a059f168dd2_story.html
Shtudiner, Z. E., Klein, G., & Kantor, J. (2018). How religiosity affects the attitudes of communities towards tourism in a sacred city: The case of Jerusalem. Tourism Management, 69, 167–179.
Sparavigna, A. C. (2013). The gardens of Taj Mahal and the sun. International Journal of Sciences, 11(2), 104–107.
Su, M. M., Wall, G., & Xu, K. (2016). Heritage tourism and livelihood sustainability of a resettled rural community: Mount Sanqingshan World Heritage Site, China. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 24(5), 735–757.
Thinh, N. A., Thanh, N. N., Tuyen, L. T., & Hens, L. (2019). Tourism and beach erosion: Valuing the damage of beach erosion for tourism in the Hoi An World Heritage site, Vietnam. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 21(5), 2113–2124.
Traveller. (2019). Venice tourism: Too many tourists the result of addiction to their cash. Traveller. Retrieved on September 15, 2019 from https://www.traveller.com.au/venice-tourism-too-many-tourists-the-result-of-addiction-to-their-cash-h1fu0r
UNESCO. (2019). UNESCO World Heritage Centre. Retrieved on October 28, 2019 from https://whc.unesco.org/en/criteria/
UNWTO. (2019). Exports from international tourism hit USD 1.7 trillion. United Nations World Tourism Organization. Retrieved on October 28, 2019 from https://www2.unwto.org/press-release/2019-06-06/exports-international-tourism-hit-usd-17-trillion
Whitman, M. (2014). How many tourists visit Machu Picchu annually. Machu Picchu Trek Guide. Retrieved on October 24, 2019 from https://www.machupicchutrek.net/how-many-tourists-visit-machu-picchu-annually/
Zenker, S. and Braun, E. (2010, June). The place brand centre–A conceptual approach for the brand management of places. In 39th European Marketing Academy Conference, Copenhagen, Denmark (pp. 1–8).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hugo, N.C. (2020). Overtourism at Heritage and Cultural Sites. In: Séraphin, H., Gladkikh, T., Vo Thanh, T. (eds) Overtourism. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42458-9_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42458-9_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-42457-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-42458-9
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)