Abstract
Until CMR showed the diagnostic possibilities intrinsically related to myocardial tissue typing the diagnosis of myocarditis was demanding and practically possible only in few centers where endomyocardial biopsy represented the final mandatory step. Nowadays the new possibilities offered by CMR are highly facilitating the diagnoses, and making it possible in the vast majority of hospitals. The result is that the number of diagnoses of myocarditis has dramatically increased consequently improving the patient-tailored therapeutic approach. The diagnosis is based on tissue characteristics such as the presence of myocardial edema, substitutive myocardial fibrosis, and T1 and T2 relaxometric properties. In this chapter some cases of acute and chronic myocarditis are provided besides rare pathologic disorders which have to be considered to improve the capability to differentiate pathologies with similar clinical presentation.
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2.1 Electronic Supplementary Material
SSFP cine images in vertical long axis of the heart. No regional or global abnormality of the ventricle function is evident (AVI 79055 kb)
SSFP cine images in horizontal long axis of the heart. No regional or global abnormality of the ventricle function is evident (AVI 117614 kb)
SSFP cine images in horizontal long-axis plane. Evidence of apical ballooning (AVI 968 kb)
SSFP cine images in vertical long-axis plane. Evidence of apical ballooning (AVI 996 kb)
SSFP cine images in horizontal long axis obtained during the acute phase. Evidence of normal global function and diffuse pericardial/subepicardial hyperintensity in correspondence of the lateral segments due to the presence of edema (AVI 8769 kb)
SSFP cine images in short-axis view obtained during the acute phase. Evidence of normal global function and diffuse pericardial/subepicardial hyperintensity in correspondence of the inferior and lateral segments due to the presence of edema (AVI 8310 kb)
SSFP cine images in horizontal long axis obtained at 3-year follow-up. Evidence of normal global function and no evidence of signal abnormalities (AVI 7744 kb)
SSFP cine images in short-axis view obtained at 3-year follow-up. Evidence of normal global function and no evidence of signal abnormalities (AVI 7061 kb)
SSFP cine images in short-axis view. Evidence of slight reduction of global function. Evidence of slight pericardial effusion (AVI 6243 kb)
SSFP cine images in horizontal long axis. Evidence of slight reduction of global function. Evidence of slight pericardial effusion (AVI 6243 kb)
SSFP cine images in vertical long axis. Evidence of slight reduction of global function. Evidence of slight pericardial effusion (AVI 6243 kb)
SSFP cine images. Short-axis view of the left ventricle. Moderate impairment global function (EF 38%) (AVI 117614 kb)
SPSS cine images in short-axis view at the level of the small focal scar evidenced by LGE images. Normal regional function (AVI 6243 kb)
SSFP cine images in horizontal long-axis plane. Evidence of increased left-ventricle volumes and reduction of global ventricular function (AVI 6070 kb)
SSFP cine images in horizontal long-axis plane. Presence of intraventricular thrombotic material at the apical level. (The low quality of the images due to the Patient  breath holding inability) (AVI 3075 kb)
SSFP images in horizontal long axis. Evidence of increased volume and reduced function of left ventricle (AVI 10703 kb)
SSFP images in vertical long axis. Evidence of increased volume and reduced function of left ventricle (AVI 10418 kb)
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Rustamova, Y., Lombardi, M. (2020). Myocarditis. In: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Atlas. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41830-4_2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41830-4_2
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