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Cardiomyopathies

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Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Atlas

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Abstract

In the field of cardiomyopathies the use of CMR has become part of routine assessment not only for diagnostic and clinical purposes but also for pathophysiologic studies. In fact, CMR has the exclusive possibility to noninvasively characterize myocardial tissue, i.e., to detect the presence of myocardial fibrosis and the presence of infiltrative phenomena. Even microstructural abnormalities, such as the interstitial volume, can be easily assessed by CMR adding a new perspective in the comprehension of tissue changes occurring in the single pathology and even more in the single patient. Furthermore, the use of CMR-based quantitative/semiquantitative parameters to follow up patients eventually treated by specific therapy is starting to be routinely proposed to optimize the timing and the dosage of specific therapy. In this chapter the most common cardiomyopathies are illustrated, trying to show the most relevant abnormalities and tissue changes which are assessable by CMR. Details on the CMR protocol to be adopted in the single pathology are also provided.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Educational-Surgery Clinic, Azerbaijan Medical University, Baku, Azerbaijan

    Yasmin Rustamova

  2. Multimodality Cardiac Imaging section, I.R.C.C.S. Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy

    Massimo Lombardi

Authors
  1. Yasmin Rustamova
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1.1 Electronic Supplementary Material

SSFP cine images in short axis of the left ventricle. Evidence of anteroseptal severe hypertrophy (AVI 79055 kb)

SSFP cine images in horizontal axis of the left ventricle. Evidence of anteroseptal severe hypertrophy. During the systolic phase evidence of abnormal movement of the anterior leaflet of mitral valve which is bulging toward the atrial cavity (AVI 79055 kb)

SSFP cine images in vertical long axis of the left ventricle. Evidence of severe anteroseptal hypertrophy (AVI 117614 kb)

SSFP cine images in short-axis view. Evidence of anterior hypertrophy (AVI 6243 kb)

SSFP cine images in horizontal long axis. Evidence of hypertrophy involving the apical segments (AVI 117614 kb)

SSFP cine images in vertical long axis. Evidence of hypertrophy involving the anterior midventricular and apical and the inferior apical segments (AVI 117614 kb)

Perfusion images. First-pass technique. Three parallel slices in proximal, mid-, and apical positions (left to right). Upper panels: images obtained at maximum pharmacological vasodilatation during adenosine infusion (140 μg/kg/min∗6 min). Lower panels: same planes in baseline conditions. During stress evidence of anterior midventricular hypoperfusion and apical diffuse hypoperfusion (AVI 45050 kb)

SSFP cine images in horizontal long-axis plane. Evidence of hypertrophy involving the septal segments (AVI 946 kb)

SSFP cine images in short-axis view. Evidence of septal hypertrophy (AVI 1022 kb)

SSFP cine images in vertical long-axis plane. Evidence of hypertrophy involving the anterior segments (AVI 1056 kb)

SSFP cine images. Horizontal long axis. Severe impairment of left ventricle global function (AVI 117614 kb)

SSFP cine images horizontal long-axis view. Evidence of biventricular dilatation and severe impairment of global function (AVI 8758 kb)

SSFP cine images vertical long-axis view. Evidence of ventricular dilatation and severe impairment of global function (AVI 7582 kb)

SSFP cine images in horizontal long axis. Evidence of a large artifact due to the presence of the umbrella previously positioned for closure of the atrial septal defect. Evidence of flow turbulence around the device. Evidence of hypertrabeculation at the level of the apical part of the interventricular septum. With a noncompacted/compacted myocardium ratio of 4 (n.v. < 2.3) and a percentage of 24% with respect to the global mass of the left ventricle (AVI 79055 kb)

SSFP cine images in three chambers view. Evidence of hypertrabeculation in correspondence of the apical segments with a noncompacted/compacted myocardium ratio of 4 (n.v. < 2.3) and a percentage of 24% with respect to the global mass of the left ventricle (AVI 79055 kb)

SSFP cine images in three chamber view. Abnormal representation of intraventricular trabeculation and a slight depression of global function (AVI 117614 kb)

SSFP cine images in horizontal long axis. Abnormal representation of intraventricular trabeculation both inside the left and the right ventricle (AVI 6353 kb)

SSFP cine images in horizontal long-axis plane. Evidence of multiple pseudo-aneurism at the level of right-ventricle free wall (AVI 8490 kb)

SSFP cine images in horizontal long-axis plane (parallel to the plane of Movie 1.18). Evidence of multiple pseudo-aneurism at the level of right-ventricle free wall (AVI 117614 kb)

SSFP cine sequence in horizontal long axis. Presence of an abnormal functional pattern at the level of the interventricular septum in its apical segment. The myocardium at this level shows an abnormal thinning (AVI 117614 kb)

SSFP cine sequence in axial view to image perpendicularly the right ventricular free wall with evidence of segmental asynchronous contraction (AVI 117614 kb)

SSFP cine sequence in axial view (more caudal with respect to Movie 1.21) to image perpendicularly the right ventricular free wall with evidence of segmental asynchronous contraction (AVI 117614 kb)

SSFP cine images in horizontal long axis. Normal regional and global function. Evidence of signal inhomogeneity at the level of the proximal interventricular septum due to the presence of fatty infiltration (chemical shift) (AVI 745 kb)

SSFP cine images in horizontal long-axis plane. Evidence of a large dysplastic diverticulum at apical level of the left ventricle whose inner cavity is in large communication with the main left ventricle cavity. Evidence of metallic artifact at the level of the interatrial septum due to the presence of the umbrella device (AVI 770 kb)

SSFP cine images in horizontal long-axis plane. More caudal with respect to Movie 1.24. Evidence of a large dysplastic diverticulum at the apical level of the left ventricle which inner cavity is in large communication with the main left-ventricle cavity. Evidence of metallic artifact at the level of the interatrial septum due to the presence of the umbrella device (AVI 706 kb)

SSFP cine images in three-chamber view. Evidence of a large dysplastic diverticulum at the apical level of the left ventricle which inner cavity is in communication with the main left-ventricle cavity (AVI 25625 kb)

Stack of SSFP cine images in short-axis view of the left ventricle. Evidence of moderate impairment of global function due to diffuse hypokinesia (AVI 6104 kb)

SSFP cine images in horizontal long axis. Evidence of normal regional and global function (AVI 6187 kb)

SSFP cine images in vertical long-axis plane. Evidence of segmental hypertrophy and preserved global function (AVI 6018 kb)

SSFP cine images in horizontal long-axis plane. Evidence of segmental hypertrophy and preserved global function (AVI 6317 kb)

SSFP cine images in midventricular short-axis plane. Evidence of segmental hypertrophy and preserved global function (AVI 5283 kb)

SSFP cine images in short-axis view of the left ventricle. Evidence of asymmetric hypertrophy involving the interventricular septum (AVI 6243 kb)

SSFP cine images in horizontal long-axis view of the left ventricle. Evidence of asymmetric hypertrophy involving the interventricular septum (AVI 6243 kb)

SSFP cine images three chambers view of the left ventricle. Evidence of asymmetric hypertrophy involving the interventricular septum (AVI 6243 kb)

SSFP cine images in horizontal long-axis view of the left ventricle. Normal regional and global function (AVI 6026 kb)

SSFP cine images in vertical long-axis plane. Evidence global functional impairment, diffuse hypokinesia, and myocardial hypertrophy. Left atrial enlargement (AVI 6052 kb)

SSFP cine images in horizontal long-axis view. Evidence of diffuse myocardial hypertrophy (AVI 9068 kb)

SSFP cine images in three-chamber view. Evidence of diffuse myocardial hypertrophy, more evident at the level of the interventricular septum. Evidence of turbulent flow at the level of the outflow tract (AVI 9044 kb)

SSFP cine images in short-axis view. Evidence of diffuse myocardial hypertrophy, more evident at the level of the interventricular septum (AVI 9587 kb)

Stack of SPSS cine images in short axis of the heart obtained before optimizing the chelation therapy based on CMR findings, evidencing a mild reduction of LV global function considering the higher normal cut values in anemic population (EF 50%) (AVI 60840 kb)

Stack of SPSS cine images in short axis of the heart obtained after the optimization of chelation therapy based on CMR findings, evidencing a fully normal LV global function (EF 68%) (AVI 26010 kb)

SSFP cine images in horizontal long-axis plane. Images obtained at baseline (AVI 898 kb)

SSFP cine images in horizontal long-axis plane. Images obtained 6 months after complete stop of sport activity (AVI 905 kb)

SSFP cine images in short-axis view of the heart. Images obtained at baseline (AVI 1073 kb)

SSFP cine images in short-axis view of the heart. Images obtained 6 months after complete stop of sport activity (AVI 808 kb)

SSFP cine sequence. Horizontal long axis. Evidence of light myocardial hypertrophy at the level of proximal septal segment (AVI 117614 kb)

SSFP cine sequence in short-axis view. Evidence of myocardial hypertrophy at the level of septal segments (AVI 117614 kb)

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Rustamova, Y., Lombardi, M. (2020). Cardiomyopathies. In: Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Atlas. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41830-4_1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41830-4_1

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  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-41830-4

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