Introduction

Abstract

In this chapter, we introduce general idea of the attraction, which is very common phenomenon for the processes in the Nature. We start from rather general biological example of the natural selection, where adaptation to the environmental conditions can be described as an attraction of some population distribution in the phenotype space to a center of ecological niche. The niche is mathematically represented as the “survival coefficient” which in turn can be linked to a kind of energy potential. This link allows establishing a very useful connection between biological and physical approaches to a wide range of problems. In particular, we discuss an evolution in complex potential with a lot of valleys in a multidimensional space accompanied by so-called “large river” effect, which corresponds to an extremely slow evolution of some, normally close to final, stages of the adaptation. This effect is related to the practically important states of the “frozen kinetics” which accompanies extremely wide spectrum of phenomena and allows understanding different physical and biological processes.

1.1 Supplementary Electronic Material (S)

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