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Material Properties Related to Requirements of Hexapodalic Systems

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Hexapod External Fixator Systems

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Abstract

The basic physics principles behind the response of solid bodies to mechanical stress and to external magnetic fields are reviewed. The concepts of elastic and plastic deformation are introduced. Typical metals used for hexapods are classified as ferromagnetic, paramagnetic, or diamagnetic materials, and the main magnetic response parameters are reported.

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Abbreviations

A :

real-time area

A 0 :

original cross-sectional area

A:

ampere, measurement unit

ɑ :

strain-hardening index

B :

magnetic induction vector

C :

characteristic constant of the material

E :

Young’s modulus E

F :

external surface force

ΔF:

total force

H :

external magnetizing field

K :

material strength coefficient

K:

Kelvin, measurement unit of temperature

L :

final length

L 0 :

initial length

m:

meter, measurement unit

M :

magnetizing vector

〈ΔM〉:

total stress vector momentum

MPa:

megaPascal, 106 Pa

N:

Newton, measurement unit of a force

n :

normal vector

Oe:

Oersted, measurement unit of H and M

Pa:

Pascal, measurement unit

S :

sectioning surface

ΔS:

element surface area

T:

Tesla, measurement unit of B

T :

temperature

Tc:

Curie temperature

T (n) :

external stress tensor

〈T(n)〉:

mean surface traction

Wb:

Weber, measurement unit

ε :

strain vector

μ :

magnetic permeability of the material

μ 0 :

magnetic permeability of vacuum

μ r :

relative magnetic permeability of the material

ρ :

mass density

((σ)):

Cauchy stress tensor

σ n :

normal stress

τ :

shear stress

χ m :

magnetic susceptibility

References

  1. Mencuccini C, Silvestrini V. Fisica: Meccanica e Termodinamica. Bologna: Zanichelli. 2016. ISBN: 9788808186492.

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  2. Mencuccini C, Silvestrini V. Fisica: Elettromagnetismo ed Ottica. Bologna: Zanichelli. 2017. ISBN: 9788808186614.

    Google Scholar 

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physics, “Sapienza” - University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    Michele Ortolani & Alessandro Alfonso Tanga

Authors
  1. Michele Ortolani
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  2. Alessandro Alfonso Tanga
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michele Ortolani .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, “Sapienza” - University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    Marco Massobrio

  2. Division of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Department of Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, “Città di Pavia” Institute University Hospital, School of Medicine, Pavia, Italy

    Redento Mora

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Ortolani, M., Tanga, A.A. (2021). Material Properties Related to Requirements of Hexapodalic Systems. In: Massobrio, M., Mora, R. (eds) Hexapod External Fixator Systems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40667-7_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40667-7_4

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-40666-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-40667-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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