Abstract
This chapter explores the ways in which the ‘survival’ and ‘achievement’ migrants migrate, the migration streams, tactics and pathways they choose to escape the regime in crisis. Referring to the example of post-independence Ukrainian migrants to Australia, this chapter investigates how these two cohorts get a visa to Australia, come and stay in Australia permanently. The first section looks into the migration patterns of ‘survival migrants’—from the actual act of migration until the time when permanent residency in Australia is granted using the humanitarian and family reunion migration streams, as the two best available options to implement their survival life strategy. Their migration patterns are argued to be associated with opportunism, manoeuvring, conspiracy, social networks, precarity, emotional insecurity and aimed to maximise any means available in order to survive the structural unrest in Ukraine. The second section of this chapter looks into the migration patterns of ‘achievement migrants’. It discusses the two most popular modes of entry to Australia—the skilled migration stream and the family migration stream—and examines the gender-specific migrations. The chapter concludes by highlighting the main differences in migration pathways of ‘survival’ and ‘achievement’ migrants that is argued to influence the life strategy implementation upon arrival in the new country.
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- 1.
The term ‘regular migrants’ refers to those ‘survival migrants’ who got their short-term visas and entered into the country with valid legal documents. The term ‘Irregular migrants’ refers to those ‘survival migrants’ who got a valid short-term visa but entered the country with forged or invalid travel documents.
- 2.
See Harney (2011) for a similar case study of Naples.
- 3.
General Skilled Migrant (GSM) programme is a scheme that was designed to allow highly skilled people to immigrate into Australia to live and to look for work or self-employment opportunities.
- 4.
Promille—a unit of measurement of migration processes, which characterises the performance per 1000 of population.
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Oleinikova, O. (2020). Migration Pathways: Popular Visas, Streams and Tactics. In: Life Strategies of Migrants from Crisis Regimes. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39839-2_5
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