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Freezing and Restoring the Memory of the Holocaust: From 1989 to 2004

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Jews and Poles in the Holocaust Exhibitions of Kraków, 1980–2013

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Abstract

This chapter offers a new interpretation of silence over memory of the Holocaust in the early 1990s and early 2000s, and identifies new reasons behind its comeback. It then goes on to focus on the ‘Restoring Memory’ campaign, during which the monument at the Ghetto Heroes Square was erected and a new exhibition at the Eagle Pharmacy unveiled. Discussing the problems of cosmopolitanism in the modern world, the chapter proposes to see cosmopolitanism as a state of constant confrontation that has the potential to push memory work in new directions. It also demonstrates that the exhibition at the Pharmacy paved the way for dramatic changes in museums that took place in the 2010s.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Orla-Bukowska, “New Threads,” 195; Korzeniewski, Transformacja, 8–10.

  2. 2.

    Szpociński, “Formy przeszłości,” 37.

  3. 3.

    Orla-Bukowska, “New Threads,” 195.

  4. 4.

    Holc, The Politics, 3.

  5. 5.

    Orla-Bukowska, “New Threads,” 195.

  6. 6.

    Ochman, “Soviet War Memorials,” 516.

  7. 7.

    Steinlauf, Bondage, 127.

  8. 8.

    Dodziuk, Druga Dusza, 23–29.

  9. 9.

    Gruber, “Beyond Virtually Jewish,” 492–195.

  10. 10.

    Gryta, “Ragged Houses,” 721 and further.

  11. 11.

    Gryta, “Ragged Houses,” 721 and further.

  12. 12.

    Pióro, The Eagle, 220.

  13. 13.

    Pióro, Apteka, 30.

  14. 14.

    AMHK, “Wystawa stała 1998–99,” Sig. 287/2.

  15. 15.

    AMHK, “Wystawa stała 1998–99,” Sig. 287/2.

  16. 16.

    AMHK, “Z dziejów i kultury Żydów. Przewodnik,” Sig. II.28726.

  17. 17.

    AMHK, “Wystawa stała 1998–99,” Sig. 287/2.

  18. 18.

    Jackson, Klich, Poznanska, The Political, 27.

  19. 19.

    Rapacki, “Poland’s Economic Development,” 20.

  20. 20.

    Levitas, “Local Government,” 4.

  21. 21.

    Levitas, “Local Government,” 4.

  22. 22.

    “Ustawa”.

  23. 23.

    AIPN, “Materiały,” Sig. Kr 1/249, fol. 62.

  24. 24.

    Meng, Shattered Spaces, 250.

  25. 25.

    Zubrzycki, “Nationalism,” 69.

  26. 26.

    Zubrzycki, The Crosses, 16.

  27. 27.

    Ibidem, 13.

  28. 28.

    Zubrzycki, Religion, 34–35.

  29. 29.

    Michlic, “The Dark Past,” 25.

  30. 30.

    Meng, Shattered Spaces, 252–3, Michlic, “The Dark Past,” 27.

  31. 31.

    Michlic, “The Dark Past,” 35.

  32. 32.

    Kursa, “Zróbmy to Razem,” 9.

  33. 33.

    Ochman, “Soviet War Memorials,” 516.

  34. 34.

    Bogumił, Walka, 150.

  35. 35.

    “Życiorys.”

  36. 36.

    “Osiągnięcia.”

  37. 37.

    Guibernau, The Identity, 159.

  38. 38.

    Ibid., 160.

  39. 39.

    Ibid., 161.

  40. 40.

    Meng, Shattered Spaces, 250.

  41. 41.

    Macdonald, Memorylands, 191.

  42. 42.

    Ochman, “Memory of War,” 224.

  43. 43.

    Delanty, “Introduction,” 5.

  44. 44.

    Miller, “Cosmopolitanism,” 84.

  45. 45.

    Meng, Shattered Spaces, 252.

  46. 46.

    Fondo, “Cosmopolitanism,” 62.

  47. 47.

    Delanty, “The idea,” 44–45.

  48. 48.

    Delanty, “The idea,” 38.

  49. 49.

    Delanty, “The idea,” 38.

  50. 50.

    Ochman, Post-Communist Poland, 8.

  51. 51.

    Smagacz-Poziemska, The Revitalization, 5; Levy and Sznaider, The Holocaust, 3.

  52. 52.

    Levy and Sznaider, The Holocaust, 4.

  53. 53.

    Ibid., 23.

  54. 54.

    Ibid., 165–179.

  55. 55.

    Ibid., 4.

  56. 56.

    Ibid., 3.

  57. 57.

    Levy and Sznaider, “Memory Unbound,” 100.

  58. 58.

    Mark, The Unfinished Revolution, 95.

  59. 59.

    Mark, The Unfinished Revolution, 95; Kucia, “The Europeanization,” 102 and further; Mälksoo, The Politics, 85; Onken, “The Baltic States,” 24.

  60. 60.

    See, for example: Assmann and Conrad, “Introduction,” also Macdonald, Memorylands, 188.

  61. 61.

    Huyssen, “International Human Rights,” 616.

  62. 62.

    Lehrer and Meng, “Introduction,” 7.

  63. 63.

    Lehrer, “Can there be,” 270.

  64. 64.

    Sonik, “Pomyślmy o placu”.

  65. 65.

    Ibid.

  66. 66.

    Ibid.

  67. 67.

    Kersten and Szapiro, “The Contexts,” 265.

  68. 68.

    Chwalba, Krakow, 158.

  69. 69.

    Meng, Shattered Spaces, 252.

  70. 70.

    ASARP, “Konkurs. Plac Bohaterów Getta.”

  71. 71.

    ASARP, “Konkurs. Plac Bohaterów Getta.”

  72. 72.

    Williams, Memorial, 7.

  73. 73.

    Young, At Memory’s Edge, 7.

  74. 74.

    Williams, Memorial, 5.

  75. 75.

    ASARP, “Konkurs. Plac Bohaterów Getta”.

  76. 76.

    Williams, Memorial, 7.

  77. 77.

    ASARP, “Konkurs. Plac Bohaterów Getta”.

  78. 78.

    Gryta, “The Politics,” 162.

  79. 79.

    Gryta, “The Politics,” 179.

  80. 80.

    Sonik, “Pomyślmy o placu.”

  81. 81.

    AMHK, “Wystawa Stała, 2004,” Sig. 612/1, fol. 241.

  82. 82.

    AMHK, “Wystawa Stała, 2004,” Sig. 612/1.

  83. 83.

    Guibernau, Identity, 151.

  84. 84.

    Bogumił, Walka, 157–158.

  85. 85.

    See also Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, The Museum as Catalys, 4–11.

  86. 86.

    Kirshenblatt-Gimblett, The Museum as Catalyst, 4.

  87. 87.

    AMHK, “Wystawa Stała, 2004,” Sig. 612/1, fol. 5, see also: Pióro, Apteka, 15.

  88. 88.

    Pióro, Apteka, 30.

  89. 89.

    AMHK, “Wystawa Stała, 2004,” Sig. 612/1, fols. 7, 15, 17, 21, 23, 35, 37, 41–47.

  90. 90.

    Ibid., fol. 37.

  91. 91.

    Ibid., fol. 45.

  92. 92.

    AMHK, “Wystawa Stała, 2004,” Sig. 612/1, fol. 47.

  93. 93.

    Ibid., fols. 33–35.

  94. 94.

    Ibid., fol. 5.

  95. 95.

    Ibid., fols. 13, 27.

  96. 96.

    Ibid., fol. 4.

  97. 97.

    Bogumił, Walka, 159.

  98. 98.

    Czaplicka, Gelazis and Ruble, “Conclusion,” 340 and 337.

  99. 99.

    AMHK, “Wystawa Stała, 2004,” Sig. 612/1, fol. 247.

  100. 100.

    Ibid., fol. 9.

  101. 101.

    Ibid., fol. 11.

  102. 102.

    Guibernau, Identity, 151.

  103. 103.

    Zubrzycki, “Nationalism,” 69.

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    1. University of Bristol, Bristol, UK

      Janek Gryta

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    Gryta, J. (2020). Freezing and Restoring the Memory of the Holocaust: From 1989 to 2004. In: Jews and Poles in the Holocaust Exhibitions of Kraków, 1980–2013. Palgrave Pivot, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38979-6_3

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    • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38979-6_3

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