Skip to main content

Germany: Education State Agencies in Germany – Their Organization, Role and Function in School Governing and Quality Management

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Educational Authorities and the Schools

Part of the book series: Educational Governance Research ((EGTU,volume 13))

  • 1056 Accesses

Abstract

The Federal Republic of Germany is comprised of 16 states, each having its own school system. The governing of each ‘state’ is organized according to a rather traditional bureaucratic governing model over three to four levels.

The traditional assessment system of school quality in Germany consists of school supervisory authorities. As many other western countries, there has been a trend towards decentralization in the German education system giving the schools increased responsibilities. It is a mixture of “top-down” stipulations to prescribe, evaluate and control quality-standards, and “bottom up” school development processes based on a greater number of competencies ascribed to schools. Since PISA 2000, new regulations regarding means of quality and accountability control have been added. Therefore, the states must identify and separate the oversight responsibilities of the inspectorate and the school supervisory authority. There need to be extensive professional development programmes for agents on all governance levels in the school system.

In this chapter, the organization of education state agencies in Germany and their role and function as to quality management is analysed and critically discussed, current developments and future trends are identified, among them professional development programmes for school leaders and for school supervisors. The specific tasks related to improving failing schools and school turnaround are outlined.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 139.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    Overview of the teacher training institutes of all German states: https://www.bildungsserver.de/Landesinstitute-600-de.html

  2. 2.

    For more details see: https://bildungsserver.berlin-brandenburg.de/fortbildung/fortbildung-fuer-fuehrungskraefte/schulaufsicht/

  3. 3.

    Development and consultancy opportunities for regional school authorities would also make sense in order to sensitize them in the context of a few, very specifically focused qualification measures for dysfunctional school situations, to increase their skills, recognize the diversity of such dysfunctional school contexts at an early stage, and familiarize them with tools and options for intervention planning and implementation (Huber 2018). The goal for the regional school authorities is to learn how they could incorporate the existing support measures in their state or region, formulate school-specific performance agreements for these contexts, commission the advisory and support measures, and know which strategic controlling measures should be implemented. For this type of qualification, outside experts should also be used, as well as colleagues from the regional school authorities who have already gained experience and succeeded in their actions. Furthermore, a subject oriented exchange of experience should be made possible in the context of existing or to be established staff meetings.

References

  • Altrichter, H., & Maag Merki, K. (2016). Handbuch Neue Steuerung im Schulsystem. 2. Auflage. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Arbeitsgruppe “Schulinspektionssystem”. (21.02.2005). Abschlussbericht [Final report of the Task Force “School Inspections”]. http://cdl.niedersachsen.de/blob/images/C8892332_L20.pdf, 6.02.06.

  • Baumert, J., Artelt, C. & Klieme, E., et al. (2001). PISA 2000 – Die Länder der Bundesrepublik Deutschland im Vergleich. Zusammenfassung der zentralenBefunde [PISA 2000 – Summary of the central findings of a comparison of the German ‘Länder’]. Berlin: MPIB.

    Google Scholar 

  • Böttcher, W. (2003). Schulreformdurch Standards? [School reform by means of standards?] In H. Döbert, B. von Kopp, R. Martini, & M. Weiß (Eds.), Bildung vor neuen Herausforderungen. Historische Bezüge – rechtliche Aspekte – Steuerungsfragen – Internationale Perspektiven [Education facing new demands. Historical references – Legal aspects – Steering issues – International perspectives] (pp. 160–168). Neuwied: Kriftel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Döbert, H. (2003). Neue Steuerungsmodelle von Schulsystemen in Europa [New steering models of school systems in Europe]. In H. Döbert, B. von Kopp, R. Martini, & M. Weiß (Eds.), Bildung vor neuen Herausforderungen. Historische Bezüge – rechtliche Aspekte – Steuerungsfragen – Internationale Perspektiven [Education facing new demands. Historical references – Legal aspects – Steering issues – International perspectives]. (pp. 287–303). Neuwied: Kriftel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinrich, M. (2007). Governance in der Schulentwicklung. Von der Autonomie zur evaluationsbasierten Steuerung. Wiesbaden: VS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hopkins, D., & Lagerweij, N. (1996). The school improvement knowledge base. In D. Reynolds, R. Bollen, B. Creemers, D. Hopkins, L. Stoll, & N. Lagerweij (Eds.), Making good schools: Linking school effectiveness and school improvement (pp. 59–93). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber, S. G. (2003). Qualifizierung von Schulleiterinnen und Schulleitern im internationalen Vergleich: Eine Untersuchung in 15 Ländern zur Professionalisierung von pädagogischen Führungskräften für Schulen. Kronach: Wolters Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber, S. G. (Hrsg.). (2004). Preparing school leaders for the 21st century: An international comparison of development Programmes in 15 countries. In: Herausgegeben, von J. Chrispeels, B. Creemers, D. Reynolds & S. Stringfield, In der Reihe context of learning. London/New York: Routledge Falmer (Taylor & Francis).

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber, S. G. (2006). OECD leadership activity: Country report England. In Länderbericht für die OECD. Paris: OECD.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber, S. G. (2007). School leadership in schools that fail. Symposium failing schools im Rahmen der Tagung der American Educational Research Association (AERA) (pp. 9–13). Chicago, Illinois, USA.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber, S. G. (Hrsg.). (2010a). School leadership - international perspectives. Dordrecht: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber, S. G. (2010b). New approaches in preparing school leaders. In: P. Peterson, E. Baker & B. McGaw (Hrsg.), International Encyclopedia of Education, (Vol. 4, pp. 752–761). Oxford: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber, S. G. (Hrsg.). (2013). Handbuch Führungskräfteentwicklung. Grundlagen und Handreichungen zur Qualifizierung und Personalentwicklung im Schulsystem. Köln: Carl Link / Wolters Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber, S. G. (2014). Qualifizierung von Schulleiterinnen und Schulleitern - Ausdifferenzierung der Curricula der Führungskräfteentwicklung. In: R. Pfundtner (Hrsg.), Grundwissen Schulleitung (pp. 194–209). Köln: Wolters Kluwer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber, S. G. (2015). Führungskräfteentwicklung als systematischer und kontinuierlicher Prozess. In J. Berkemeyer, N. Berkemeyer & F. Meetz (Hrsg.), Professionalisierung und Schulleitungshandeln. Wege und Stratgien der Personalentwicklung an Schulen (pp. 96–112). Weinheim/Basel: Beltz Juventa.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber, S. G. (2018). No simple fixes for schools in challenging circumstances. Contextualization for Germany. In Meyers/Colby (Ed.), International Perspectives on Leading Low-Performing Schools (pp. 243–266).

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber, S. G., & Gördel, B. (2006). Quality Assurance in the German School System. European Educational Research Journal, Public Education, Democracy and Supra- and Transnational Agencies in Europe, 5(3–4), 196–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber, S. G., Gördel, B.-M., Kilic, S., & Tulowitzki, P. (2016). Accountability in the German school system. In J. Easley II & P. Tulowitzki (Eds.), Educational Accountability – International perspectives on challenges and possibilities for school leadership (pp. 165–183). London: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber, S. G. & Muijs, D. (2007). Mission failed? Was die englische Schulforschung über schlechte Schulen herausgefunden hat. Friedrich Jahresheft (Guter Unterricht), 99–101.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber, S. G., Skedsmo, G., Pham, G. H., Koszuta, A., Karwat, K., Schwander, M., Kots, S., & Luig, C. (2018). Abschlussbericht der wissenschaftlichen Begleitung zum Projekt “School Turnaround - Berliner Schulen starten durch” (Unveröffentlichter Bericht). Zug: Institut für Bildungsmanagement und Bildungsökonomie, Pädagogische Hochschule Zug.

    Google Scholar 

  • Huber, S. G., Stiftung der Deutschen Wirtschaft, Robert Bosch Stiftung (Hrsg.). (2015). Schule gemeinsam gestalten - Entwicklung von Kompetenzen für pädagogische Führung. Müster/New York: Waxmann.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karlsen, G. E. (2000). Decentralized centralism: framework for a better understanding of governance in the field of education. Journal of Educational Policy, 15(5), 525–538.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kultusministerkonferenz KMK. (23./24.10.1997). 280. Sitzung der Kultusministerkonferenz. Konstanzer Beschluss zur Durchführung länderübergreifender Vergleichsuntersuchungen zum Lern- und Leistungsstand von Schülerinnen und Schülern [Agreement on the conduction of comparative testing of pupil achievement among the Länder]. Konstanz.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kultusministerkonferenz KMK. (10.05.2001a). Weiterentwicklung des Schulwesens in Deutschland seit Abschluss des Abkommens zwischen den Ländern der Bundesrepublik zur Vereinheitlichung auf dem Gebiet des Schulewesens vom 28.10.1964 i.d.F. vom 14.10.1971 [Development of the education system in Germany since 1971]. Bonn.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kultusministerkonferenz KMK. (5./6.12.2001b). 296. Sitzung der Kultusministerkonferenz. Definition von sieben vorrangigen Handlungsfeldern als Konsequenz aus PISA [Definition of seven relevant fields of action as consequence of PISA]. Bonn.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kultusministerkonferenz KMK. (23./24.05.2002a). Bildungsstandards zur Sicherung von Qualität und Innovation im föderalen Wettbewerb der Länder [Educational standards to assure quality and innovation in the federal competition of the Länder]. Bonn.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kultusministerkonferenz KMK. (25.06.2002b). Bewertung der bundesinternen Leistungsvergleiche (PISA-E) [Assessment of the comparison of the PISA results of the German Länder]. Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kultusministerkonferenz der deutschen Bundesländer. (2007). Länderumfrage “Potenzialanalyse und Förderung schulischer Führungskräfte”. Berlin.

    Google Scholar 

  • Maurer, H. (2006). Allgemeines Verwaltungsrecht. 16., überarb. u. erw. Aufl. München: C.H. Beck.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosenbusch, H. S. (1994). Lehrer und Schulräte. Ein strukturell gestörtes Verhältnis. Bad Heilbrunn/Obb: Klinkhardt.

    Google Scholar 

  • Rürup, M., & Heinrich, M. (2007). Schulen unter Zugzwang – Die Schulautonomiegesetzgebung der deutschen Länder als Rahmen der Schulentwicklung. In H. Altrichter, T. Brüsemeister&, & J. Wissinger (Eds.), Educational Governance. Handlungskoordination und Steuerung im Bildungssystem (pp. 157–183). Wiesbaden: VS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schümer, G., Tillmann, K.-J., & Weiß, M. (Eds.). (2004). Die Institution Schule und die Lebenswelt der Schüler. Vertiefende Analysen der PISA-2000-Daten zum Kontext von Schülerleistungen [Analysis of the PISA-2000 data]. Wiesbaden: VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenzel, H. (2000). Qualitätssicherung und Schulentwicklung [Quality assurance and school development]. In H.-H. Krüger & H. Wenzel (Eds.), Schule zwischen Effektivität und sozialer Verantwortung (pp. 111–123). Opladen: Leske + Budrich.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Stephan Gerhard Huber .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Huber, S.G. (2020). Germany: Education State Agencies in Germany – Their Organization, Role and Function in School Governing and Quality Management. In: Ärlestig, H., Johansson, O. (eds) Educational Authorities and the Schools. Educational Governance Research, vol 13. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38759-4_10

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38759-4_10

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-38758-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-38759-4

  • eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics