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Anti-MOG Diseases

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White Matter Diseases

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Abstract

The myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) is a component of myelin sheets, located on the extracellular surface of mature oligodendrocytes. Serum anti-MOG antibodies have been found in multiple acquired demyelinating syndromes, encompassing heterogeneous clinical manifestations such as optic neuritis (ON), transverse myelitis (TM) or their combination, brainstem involvement, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM).

Although pathological findings are more similar to those observed in multiple sclerosis (MS), with demyelination prevailing on axonal damage, anti-MOG encephalomyelitis is now included in the spectrum of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), as up to 20–30% of seronegative NMOSD patients present such antibodies.

Independently of its clinical manifestation, anti-MOG disease is highly sensitive to steroids. As a consequence, the recovery after an acute attack is usually complete and the long-term prognosis is considered favorable. Nonetheless, clinical relapses are frequent when steroid tapering is not correctly managed, and, due to the rarity of the disease, there is no evidence-based consensus about the maintenance therapy.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy

    Massimo Filippi

  2. Neuroimaging Research Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy

    Massimo Filippi & Maria A. Rocca

  3. Neurophysiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy

    Massimo Filippi

  4. Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy

    Massimo Filippi

Authors
  1. Massimo Filippi
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  2. Maria A. Rocca
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Filippi, M., Rocca, M.A. (2020). Anti-MOG Diseases. In: White Matter Diseases . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38621-4_4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38621-4_4

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