Abstract
Most splenic small B-cell lymphomas represent secondary involvement by systemic lymphomas. Primary splenic small B-cell lymphoma is rare. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is primarily located in the spleen and invariably involves the bone marrow. SMZL in the spleen is characterized by white pulp expansion with lymphoid nodules showing a biphasic pattern, red pulp infiltrate, and intrasinusoidal/intravascular infiltrate in the bone marrow. The other small B-cell lymphomas in the spleen show similar morphologic and phenotypic features of nodal/systemic diseases. The diagnosis of these small B-cell lymphomas is based on integration of clinical presentation, morphology, immunophenotype and genetic findings.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Swerdlow SH, Campo E, Harris NL, Jaffe ES, Pileri SA, Stein H, Thiele J, Arber DA, Hasserjian RP, Le Beau MM, Orazi A, Siebert R. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Lyon: IARC; 2017.
Armitage JO, Weisenburger DD. New approach to classifying non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas: clinical features of the major histologic subtypes. Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma Classification Project. J Clin Oncol. 1998;16:2780–95.
Liu L, Wang H, Chen Y, Rustveld L, Liu G, Du XL. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: a population-based study on the 2001–2008 incidence and survival in the United States. Leuk Lymphoma. 2013;54:1380–6.
Morton LM, Slager SL, Cerhan JR, Wang SS, Vajdic CM, Skibola CF, Bracci PM, de Sanjose S, Smedby KE, Chiu BC, et al. Etiologic heterogeneity among non-Hodgkin lymphoma subtypes: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2014;2014:130–44.
Bracci PM, Benavente Y, Turner JJ, Paltiel O, Slager SL, Vajdic CM, Norman AD, Cerhan JR, Chiu BC, Becker N, et al. Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for marginal zone lymphoma: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project. J Natl Cancer Inst Monogr. 2014;2014:52–65.
Arcaini L, Merli M, Volpetti S, Rattotti S, Gotti M, Zaja F. Indolent B-cell lymphomas associated with HCV infection: clinical and virological features and role of antiviral therapy. Clin Dev Immunol. 2012;2012:638185.
Tasleem S, Sood GK. Hepatitis C associated B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma: clinical features and the role of antiviral therapy. J Clin Transl Hepatol. 2015;3:134–9.
Arcaini L, Paulli M, Boveri E, Vallisa D, Bernuzzi P, Orlandi E, Incardona P, Brusamolino E, Passamonti F, Burcheri S, et al. Splenic and nodal marginal zone lymphomas are indolent disorders at high hepatitis C virus seroprevalence with distinct presenting features but similar morphologic and phenotypic profiles. Cancer. 2004;100:107–15.
Troussard X, Valensi F, Duchayne E, Garand R, Felman P, Tulliez M, Henry-Amar M, Bryon PA, Flandrin G. Splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes: clinical presentation, biology and prognostic factors in a series of 100 patients. Groupe Francais d’Hematologie Cellulaire (GFHC). Br J Haematol. 1996;93:731–6.
Chacon JI, Mollejo M, Munoz E, Algara P, Mateo M, Lopez L, Andrade J, Carbonero IG, Martinez B, Piris MA, et al. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: clinical characteristics and prognostic factors in a series of 60 patients. Blood. 2002;100:1648–54.
Berger F, Felman P, Thieblemont C, Pradier T, Baseggio L, Bryon PA, Salles G, Callet-Bauchu E, Coiffier B. Non-MALT marginal zone B-cell lymphomas: a description of clinical presentation and outcome in 124 patients. Blood. 2000;95:1950–6.
Matutes E, Oscier D, Montalban C, Berger F, Callet-Bauchu E, Dogan A, Felman P, Franco V, Iannitto E, Mollejo M, et al. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma proposals for a revision of diagnostic, staging and therapeutic criteria. Leukemia. 2008;22:487–95.
Iannitto E, Ambrosetti A, Ammatuna E, Colosio M, Florena AM, Tripodo C, Minardi V, Calvaruso G, Mitra ME, Pizzolo G, et al. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma with or without villous lymphocytes. Hematologic findings and outcomes in a series of 57 patients. Cancer. 2004;101:2050–7.
Xochelli A, Kalpadakis C, Gardiner A, Baliakas P, Vassilakopoulos TP, Mould S, Davis Z, Stalika E, Kanellis G, Angelopoulou MK, et al. Clonal B-cell lymphocytosis exhibiting immunophenotypic features consistent with a marginal-zone origin: is this a distinct entity? Blood. 2014;123:1199–206.
Thieblemont C, Felman P, Berger F, Dumontet C, Arnaud P, Hequet O, Arcache J, Callet-Bauchu E, Salles G, Coiffier B. Treatment of splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma: an analysis of 81 patients. Clin Lymphoma. 2002;3:41–7.
Gebhart J, Lechner K, Skrabs C, Sliwa T, Muldur E, Ludwig H, Nosslinger T, Vanura K, Stamatopoulos K, Simonitsch-Klupp I, et al. Lupus anticoagulant and thrombosis in splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Thromb Res. 2014;134:980–4.
Castelli R, Wu MA, Arquati M, Zanichelli A, Suffritti C, Rossi D, Cicardi M. High prevalence of splenic marginal zone lymphoma among patients with acquired C1 inhibitor deficiency. Br J Haematol. 2016;172:902–8.
Parry-Jones N, Matutes E, Gruszka-Westwood AM, Swansbury GJ, Wotherspoon AC, Catovsky D. Prognostic features of splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes: a report on 129 patients. Br J Haematol. 2003;120:759–64.
Camacho FI, Mollejo M, Mateo MS, Algara P, Navas C, Hernandez JM, Santoja C, Sole F, Sanchez-Beato M, Piris MA. Progression to large B-cell lymphoma in splenic marginal zone lymphoma: a description of a series of 12 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2001;25:1268–76.
Thieblemont C, Felman P, Callet-Bauchu E, Traverse-Glehen A, Salles G, Berger F, Coiffier B. Splenic marginal-zone lymphoma: a distinct clinical and pathological entity. Lancet Oncol. 2003;4:95–103.
Arcaini L, Lazzarino M, Colombo N, Burcheri S, Boveri E, Paulli M, Morra E, Gambacorta M, Cortelazzo S, Tucci A, et al. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: a prognostic model for clinical use. Blood. 2006;107:4643–9.
Iannitto E, Minardi V, Callea V, Stelitano C, Calvaruso G, Tripodo C, Quintini G, De Cantis S, Ambrosetti A, Pizzolo G, et al. Assessment of the frequency of additional cancers in patients with splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Eur J Haematol. 2006;76:134–40.
Franco V, Florena AM, Iannitto E. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Blood. 2003;101:2464–72.
Isaacson PG, Matutes E, Burke M, Catovsky D. The histopathology of splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes. Blood. 1994;84:3828–34.
Mollejo M, Menarguez J, Lloret E, Sanchez A, Campo E, Algara P, Cristobal E, Sanchez E, Piris MA. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: a distinctive type of low-grade B-cell lymphoma. A clinicopathological study of 13 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 1995;19:1146–57.
Hammer RD, Glick AD, Greer JP, Collins RD, Cousar JB. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma. A distinct B-cell neoplasm. Am J Surg Pathol. 1996;20:613–26.
Arcaini L, Rossi D, Paulli M. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: from genetics to management. Blood. 2016;127:2072–81.
Molina TJ, Lin P, Swerdlow SH, Cook JR. Marginal zone lymphomas with plasmacytic differentiation and related disorders. Am J Clin Pathol. 2011;136:211–25.
Dufresne SD, Felgar RE, Sargent RL, Surti U, Gollin SM, McPhail ED, Cook JR, Swerdlow SH. Defining the borders of splenic marginal zone lymphoma: a multiparameter study. Hum Pathol. 2010;41:540–51.
Lloret E, Mollejo M, Mateo MS, Villuendas R, Algara P, Martinez P, Piris MA. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma with increased number of blasts: an aggressive variant? Hum Pathol. 1999;30:1153–60.
Matutes E, Morilla R, Owusu-Ankomah K, Houlihan A, Catovsky D. The immunophenotype of splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes and its relevance to the differential diagnosis with other B-cell disorders. Blood. 1994;83:1558–62.
Mollejo M, Lloret E, Menarguez J, Piris MA, Isaacson PG. Lymph node involvement by splenic marginal zone lymphoma: morphological and immunohistochemical features. Am J Surg Pathol. 1997;21:772–80.
Menter T, Trivedi P, Ahmad R, Flora R, Dirnhofer S, Tzankov A, Naresh KN. Diagnostic utility of lymphoid enhancer binding factor 1 immunohistochemistry in small B-cell lymphomas. Am J Clin Pathol. 2017;147:292–300.
Gimeno E, Salido M, Sole F, Florensa L, Granada I, Domingo A, Woessner S. CD5 negative and CD5 positive splenic marginal B-cell lymphomas have differential cytogenetic patterns. Leuk Res. 2005;29:981–2.
Kojima M, Sato E, Oshimi K, Murase T, Koike T, Tsunoda S, Matsumoto T, Marutsuka K, Ogiya D, Moriuchi M, et al. Characteristics of CD5-positive splenic marginal zone lymphoma with leukemic manifestation; clinical, flow cytometry, and histopathological findings of 11 cases. J Clin Exp Hematop. 2010;50:107–12.
Baseggio L, Traverse-Glehen A, Petinataud F, Callet-Bauchu E, Berger F, Ffrench M, Couris CM, Thieblemont C, Morel D, Coiffier B, et al. CD5 expression identifies a subset of splenic marginal zone lymphomas with higher lymphocytosis: a clinico-pathological, cytogenetic and molecular study of 24 cases. Haematologica. 2010;95:604–12.
El Desoukey NA, Afify RA, Amin DG, Mohammed RF. CD200 expression in B-cell chronic lymphoproliferative disorders. J Investig Med. 2012;60:56–61.
Challagundla P, Medeiros LJ, Kanagal-Shamanna R, Miranda RN, Jorgensen JL. Differential expression of CD200 in B-cell neoplasms by flow cytometry can assist in diagnosis, subclassification, and bone marrow staging. Am J Clin Pathol. 2014;142:837–44.
Moreau EJ, Matutes E, A'Hern RP, Morilla AM, Morilla RM, Owusu-Ankomah KA, Seon BK, Catovsky D. Improvement of the chronic lymphocytic leukemia scoring system with the monoclonal antibody SN8 (CD79b). Am J Clin Pathol. 1997;108:378–82.
Santos TSD, Tavares RS, Farias DLC. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: a literature review of diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 2017;39:146–54.
Behdad A, Bailey NG. Diagnosis of splenic B-cell lymphomas in the bone marrow: a review of histopathologic, immunophenotypic, and genetic findings. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2014;138:1295–301.
Melo JV, Hegde U, Parreira A, Thompson I, Lampert IA, Catovsky D. Splenic B cell lymphoma with circulating villous lymphocytes: differential diagnosis of B cell leukaemias with large spleens. J Clin Pathol. 1987;40:642–51.
Audouin J, Le Tourneau A, Molina T, Camilleri-Broet S, Adida C, Comperat E, Benattar L, Delmer A, Devidas A, Rio B, et al. Patterns of bone marrow involvement in 58 patients presenting primary splenic marginal zone lymphoma with or without circulating villous lymphocytes. Br J Haematol. 2003;122:404–12.
Ponzoni M, Kanellis G, Pouliou E, Baliakas P, Scarfo L, Ferreri AJ, Doglioni C, Bikos V, Dagklis A, Anagnostopoulos A, et al. Bone marrow histopathology in the diagnostic evaluation of splenic marginal-zone and splenic diffuse red pulp small B-cell lymphoma: a reliable substitute for spleen histopathology? Am J Surg Pathol. 2012;36:1609–18.
Franco V, Florena AM, Campesi G. Intrasinusoidal bone marrow infiltration: a possible hallmark of splenic lymphoma. Histopathology. 1996;29:571–5.
Labouyrie E, Marit G, Vial JP, Lacombe F, Fialon P, Bernard P, de Mascarel A, Merlio JP. Intrasinusoidal bone marrow involvement by splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes: a helpful immunohistologic feature. Mod Pathol. 1997;10:1015–20.
Kent SA, Variakojis D, Peterson LC. Comparative study of marginal zone lymphoma involving bone marrow. Am J Clin Pathol. 2002;117:698–708.
Catovsky D, Matutes E. Splenic lymphoma with circulating villous lymphocytes/splenic marginal-zone lymphoma. Semin Hematol. 1999;36:148–54.
Campo E, Miquel R, Krenacs L, Sorbara L, Raffeld M, Jaffe ES. Primary nodal marginal zone lymphomas of splenic and MALT type. Am J Surg Pathol. 1999;23:59–68.
Schmid C, Kirkham N, Diss T, Isaacson PG. Splenic marginal zone cell lymphoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 1992;16:455–66.
Domingo-Domenech E, Romagosa V, González-Barca E, Rodriguez-Aliberas M, Oliveira A, de la Banda E, Santiago Mercadal JS, Petit J, de Sevilla AF. Liver infiltration in splenic marginal zone lymphoma: prevalence and prognostic implication. Blood. 2010;116:4137.
Lenglet J, Traulle C, Mounier N, Benet C, Munoz-Bongrand N, Amorin S, Noguera ME, Traverse-Glehen A, Ffrench M, Baseggio L, et al. Long-term follow-up analysis of 100 patients with splenic marginal zone lymphoma treated with splenectomy as first-line treatment. Leuk Lymphoma. 2014;55:1854–60.
Xing KH, Kahlon A, Skinnider BF, Connors JM, Gascoyne RD, Sehn LH, Savage KJ, Slack GW, Shenkier TN, Klasa R, et al. Outcomes in splenic marginal zone lymphoma: analysis of 107 patients treated in British Columbia. Br J Haematol. 2015;169:520–7.
Conconi A, Franceschetti S, Aprile von Hohenstaufen K, Margiotta-Casaluci G, Stathis A, Moccia AA, Bertoni F, Ramponi A, Mazzucchelli L, Cavalli F, et al. Histologic transformation in marginal zone lymphomas. Ann Oncol. 2015;26:2329–35.
Dungarwalla M, Appiah-Cubi S, Kulkarni S, Saso R, Wotherspoon A, Osuji N, Swansbury J, Cunningham DC, Catovsky D, Dearden CE, et al. High-grade transformation in splenic marginal zone lymphoma with circulating villous lymphocytes: the site of transformation influences response to therapy and prognosis. Br J Haematol. 2008;143:71–4.
Thoennissen NH, Keyvani K, Voelker HU, Bremer J, Krug U, Muller-Tidow C, Koch P, Muller-Hermelink HK, Berdel WE. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: transformation to diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with isolated cerebral manifestation. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26:4509–11.
Cualing H, Steele P, Zellner D. Blastic transformation of splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2000;124:748–52.
Kakinoki Y, Kubota H, Sakurai H, Sato T, Tokusashi Y. Blastic transformation after splenectomy in a patient with nonvillous splenic marginal zone lymphoma with p53 overexpression: a case report. Int J Hematol. 2005;81:417–20.
Salido M, Baro C, Oscier D, Stamatopoulos K, Dierlamm J, Matutes E, Traverse-Glehen A, Berger F, Felman P, Thieblemont C, et al. Cytogenetic aberrations and their prognostic value in a series of 330 splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphomas: a multicenter study of the Splenic B-Cell Lymphoma Group. Blood. 2010;116:1479–88.
Callet-Bauchu E, Baseggio L, Felman P, Traverse-Glehen A, Berger F, Morel D, Gazzo S, Poncet C, Thieblemont C, Coiffier B, et al. Cytogenetic analysis delineates a spectrum of chromosomal changes that can distinguish non-MALT marginal zone B-cell lymphomas among mature B-cell entities: a description of 103 cases. Leukemia. 2005;19:1818–23.
Gazzo S, Baseggio L, Coignet L, Poncet C, Morel D, Coiffier B, Felman P, Berger F, Salles G, Callet-Bauchu E. Cytogenetic and molecular delineation of a region of chromosome 3q commonly gained in marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. Haematologica. 2003;88:31–8.
Hernandez JM, Garcia JL, Gutierrez NC, Mollejo M, Martinez-Climent JA, Flores T, Gonzalez MB, Piris MA, San Miguel JF. Novel genomic imbalances in B-cell splenic marginal zone lymphomas revealed by comparative genomic hybridization and cytogenetics. Am J Pathol. 2001;158:1843–50.
Oscier DG, Matutes E, Gardiner A, Glide S, Mould S, Brito-Babapulle V, Ellis J, Catovsky D. Cytogenetic studies in splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes. Br J Haematol. 1993;85:487–91.
Sole F, Salido M, Espinet B, Garcia JL, Martinez Climent JA, Granada I, Hernandez JM, Benet I, Piris MA, Mollejo M, et al. Splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphomas: two cytogenetic subtypes, one with gain of 3q and the other with loss of 7q. Haematologica. 2001;86:71–7.
Troussard X, Mauvieux L, Radford-Weiss I, Rack K, Valensi F, Garand R, Vekemans M, Flandrin G, Macintyre EA. Genetic analysis of splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes: a Groupe Francais d’Hematologie Cellulaire (GFHC) study. Br J Haematol. 1998;101:712–21.
Andersen CL, Gruszka-Westwood A, Atkinson S, Matutes E, Catovsky D, Pedersen RK, Pedersen BB, Pulczynski S, Hokland P, Jacobsen E, et al. Recurrent genomic imbalances in B-cell splenic marginal-zone lymphoma revealed by comparative genomic hybridization. Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2005;156:122–8.
Boonstra R, Bosga-Bouwer A, van Imhoff GW, Krause V, Palmer M, Coupland RW, Dabbagh L, van den Berg E, van den Berg A, Poppema S. Splenic marginal zone lymphomas presenting with splenomegaly and typical immunophenotype are characterized by allelic loss in 7q31-32. Mod Pathol. 2003;16:1210–7.
Remstein ED, Law M, Mollejo M, Piris MA, Kurtin PJ, Dogan A. The prevalence of IG translocations and 7q32 deletions in splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Leukemia. 2008;22:1268–72.
Morrison AM, Jager U, Chott A, Schebesta M, Haas OA, Busslinger M. Deregulated PAX-5 transcription from a translocated IgH promoter in marginal zone lymphoma. Blood. 1998;92:3865–78.
Andrieux J, Fert-Ferrer S, Copin MC, Huyghe P, Pocachard P, Lespinasse J, Bauters F, Lai JL, Quesnel B. Three new cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma with t(9;14)(p13;q32). Cancer Genet Cytogenet. 2003;145:65–9.
Daibata M, Taguchi T, Nemoto Y, Iwasaki S, Ohtsuki Y, Taguchi H. In vitro Epstein-Barr virus-immortalized lymphoma cell line carrying t(9;14)(p13;q32) chromosome abnormality, derived from splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes. Int J Cancer. 2006;118:513–7.
Dierlamm J, Pittaluga S, Stul M, Wlodarska I, Michaux L, Thomas J, Verhoef G, Verhest A, Depardieu C, Cassiman JJ, et al. BCL6 gene rearrangements also occur in marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 1997;98:719–25.
Aamot HV, Micci F, Holte H, Delabie J, Heim S. G-banding and molecular cytogenetic analyses of marginal zone lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2005;130:890–901.
Soma LA, Gollin SM, Remstein ED, Ketterling RP, Flynn HC, Rajasenan KK, Swerdlow SH. Splenic small B-cell lymphoma with IGH/BCL3 translocation. Hum Pathol. 2006;37:218–30.
Brito-Babapulle V, Gruszka-Westwood AM, Platt G, Andersen CL, Elnenaei MO, Matutes E, Wotherspoon AC, Weston-Smith SG, Catovsky D. Translocation t(2;7)(p12;q21-22) with dysregulation of the CDK6 gene mapping to 7q21-22 in a non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with leukemia. Haematologica. 2002;87:357–62.
Corcoran MM, Mould SJ, Orchard JA, Ibbotson RE, Chapman RM, Boright AP, Platt C, Tsui LC, Scherer SW, Oscier DG. Dysregulation of cyclin dependent kinase 6 expression in splenic marginal zone lymphoma through chromosome 7q translocations. Oncogene. 1999;18:6271–7.
Sonoki T, Harder L, Horsman DE, Karran L, Taniguchi I, Willis TG, Gesk S, Steinemann D, Zucca E, Schlegelberger B, et al. Cyclin D3 is a target gene of t(6;14)(p21.1;q32.3) of mature B-cell malignancies. Blood. 2001;98:2837–44.
Dierlamm J, Pittaluga S, Wlodarska I, Stul M, Thomas J, Boogaerts M, Michaux L, Driessen A, Mecucci C, Cassiman JJ, et al. Marginal zone B-cell lymphomas of different sites share similar cytogenetic and morphologic features. Blood. 1996;87:299–307.
Gruszka-Westwood AM, Hamoudi R, Osborne L, Matutes E, Catovsky D. Deletion mapping on the long arm of chromosome 7 in splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 2003;36:57–69.
Martinez-Climent JA, Sanchez-Izquierdo D, Sarsotti E, Blesa D, Benet I, Climent J, Vizcarra E, Marugan I, Terol MJ, Sole F, et al. Genomic abnormalities acquired in the blastic transformation of splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2003;44:459–64.
Jadayel D, Matutes E, Dyer MJ, Brito-Babapulle V, Khohkar MT, Oscier D, Catovsky D. Splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes: analysis of BCL-1 rearrangements and expression of the cyclin D1 gene. Blood. 1994;83:3664–71.
Algara P, Mateo MS, Sanchez-Beato M, Mollejo M, Navas IC, Romero L, Sole F, Salido M, Florensa L, Martinez P, et al. Analysis of the IgV(H) somatic mutations in splenic marginal zone lymphoma defines a group of unmutated cases with frequent 7q deletion and adverse clinical course. Blood. 2002;99:1299–304.
Bikos V, Darzentas N, Hadzidimitriou A, Davis Z, Hockley S, Traverse-Glehen A, Algara P, Santoro A, Gonzalez D, Mollejo M, et al. Over 30% of patients with splenic marginal zone lymphoma express the same immunoglobulin heavy variable gene: ontogenetic implications. Leukemia. 2012;26:1638–46.
Ruiz-Ballesteros E, Mollejo M, Rodriguez A, Camacho FI, Algara P, Martinez N, Pollan M, Sanchez-Aguilera A, Menarguez J, Campo E, et al. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: proposal of new diagnostic and prognostic markers identified after tissue and cDNA microarray analysis. Blood. 2005;106:1831–8.
Troen G, Nygaard V, Jenssen TK, Ikonomou IM, Tierens A, Matutes E, Gruszka-Westwood A, Catovsky D, Myklebost O, Lauritzsen G, et al. Constitutive expression of the AP-1 transcription factors c-jun, junD, junB, and c-fos and the marginal zone B-cell transcription factor Notch2 in splenic marginal zone lymphoma. J Mol Diagn. 2004;6:297–307.
Arribas AJ, Gomez-Abad C, Sanchez-Beato M, Martinez N, Dilisio L, Casado F, Cruz MA, Algara P, Piris MA, Mollejo M. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: comprehensive analysis of gene expression and miRNA profiling. Mod Pathol. 2013;26:889–901.
Kiel MJ, Velusamy T, Betz BL, Zhao L, Weigelin HG, Chiang MY, Huebner-Chan DR, Bailey NG, Yang DT, Bhagat G, et al. Whole-genome sequencing identifies recurrent somatic NOTCH2 mutations in splenic marginal zone lymphoma. J Exp Med. 2012;209:1553–65.
Martinez N, Almaraz C, Vaque JP, Varela I, Derdak S, Beltran S, Mollejo M, Campos-Martin Y, Agueda L, Rinaldi A, et al. Whole-exome sequencing in splenic marginal zone lymphoma reveals mutations in genes involved in marginal zone differentiation. Leukemia. 2014;28:1334–40.
Rossi D, Trifonov V, Fangazio M, Bruscaggin A, Rasi S, Spina V, Monti S, Vaisitti T, Arruga F, Fama R, et al. The coding genome of splenic marginal zone lymphoma: activation of NOTCH2 and other pathways regulating marginal zone development. J Exp Med. 2012;209:1537–51.
Peveling-Oberhag J, Wolters F, Doring C, Walter D, Sellmann L, Scholtysik R, Lucioni M, Schubach M, Paulli M, Biskup S, et al. Whole exome sequencing of microdissected splenic marginal zone lymphoma: a study to discover novel tumor-specific mutations. BMC Cancer. 2015;15:773.
Parry M, Rose-Zerilli MJ, Ljungstrom V, Gibson J, Wang J, Walewska R, Parker H, Parker A, Davis Z, Gardiner A, et al. Genetics and prognostication in splenic marginal zone lymphoma: revelations from deep sequencing. Clin Cancer Res. 2015;21:4174–83.
Lee SY, Kumano K, Nakazaki K, Sanada M, Matsumoto A, Yamamoto G, Nannya Y, Suzuki R, Ota S, Ota Y, et al. Gain-of-function mutations and copy number increases of Notch2 in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Cancer Sci. 2009;100:920–6.
Clipson A, Wang M, de Leval L, Ashton-Key M, Wotherspoon A, Vassiliou G, Bolli N, Grove C, Moody S, Escudero-Ibarz L, et al. KLF2 mutation is the most frequent somatic change in splenic marginal zone lymphoma and identifies a subset with distinct genotype. Leukemia. 2015;29:1177–85.
Piva R, Deaglio S, Fama R, Buonincontri R, Scarfo I, Bruscaggin A, Mereu E, Serra S, Spina V, Brusa D, et al. The Kruppel-like factor 2 transcription factor gene is recurrently mutated in splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Leukemia. 2015;29:503–7.
Troen G, Warsame A, Delabie J. CD79B and MYD88 mutations in splenic marginal zone lymphoma. ISRN Oncol. 2013;2013:252318.
Yan Q, Huang Y, Watkins AJ, Kocialkowski S, Zeng N, Hamoudi RA, Isaacson PG, de Leval L, Wotherspoon A, Du MQ. BCR and TLR signaling pathways are recurrently targeted by genetic changes in splenic marginal zone lymphomas. Haematologica. 2012;97:595–8.
Varettoni M, Arcaini L, Zibellini S, Boveri E, Rattotti S, Riboni R, Corso A, Orlandi E, Bonfichi M, Gotti M, et al. Prevalence and clinical significance of the MYD88 (L265P) somatic mutation in Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia and related lymphoid neoplasms. Blood. 2013;121:2522–8.
Bahler DW, Pindzola JA, Swerdlow SH. Splenic marginal zone lymphomas appear to originate from different B cell types. Am J Pathol. 2002;161:81–8.
Traverse-Glehen A, Davi F, Ben Simon E, Callet-Bauchu E, Felman P, Baseggio L, Gazzo S, Thieblemont C, Charlot C, Coiffier B, et al. Analysis of VH genes in marginal zone lymphoma reveals marked heterogeneity between splenic and nodal tumors and suggests the existence of clonal selection. Haematologica. 2005;90:470–8.
Traverse-Glehen A, Verney A, Baseggio L, Felman P, Callet-Bauchu E, Thieblemont C, Ffrench M, Magaud JP, Coiffier B, Berger F, et al. Analysis of BCL-6, CD95, PIM1, RHO/TTF and PAX5 mutations in splenic and nodal marginal zone B-cell lymphomas suggests a particular B-cell origin. Leukemia. 2007;21:1821–4.
Jiang DY, Li CY. Immunohistochemical study of the spleen in chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura. With special reference to hyperplastic follicles and foamy macrophages. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1995;119:533–7.
Farhi DC, Ashfaq R. Splenic pathology after traumatic injury. Am J Clin Pathol. 1996;105:474–8.
Harris S, Wilkins BS, Jones DB. Splenic marginal zone expansion in B-cell lymphomas of gastrointestinal mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is reactive and does not represent homing of neoplastic lymphocytes. J Pathol. 1996;179:49–53.
Kroft SH, Singleton TP, Dahiya M, Ross CW, Schnitzer B, Hsi ED. Ruptured spleens with expanded marginal zones do not reveal occult B-cell clones. Mod Pathol. 1997;10:1214–20.
Dunphy CH, Bee C, McDonald JW, Grosso LE. Incidental early detection of a splenic marginal zone lymphoma by polymerase chain reaction analysis of paraffin-embedded tissue. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1998;122:84–6.
Rosso R, Neiman RS, Paulli M, Boveri E, Kindl S, Magrini U, Barosi G. Splenic marginal zone cell lymphoma: report of an indolent variant without massive splenomegaly presumably representing an early phase of the disease. Hum Pathol. 1995;26:39–46.
Gordon DS, Jones BM, Browning SW, Spira TJ, Lawrence DN. Persistent polyclonal lymphocytosis of B lymphocytes. N Engl J Med. 1982;307:232–6.
Cornet E, Lesesve JF, Mossafa H, Sebahoun G, Levy V, Davi F, Troussard X, Groupe Francais d’Hematologie C. Long-term follow-up of 111 patients with persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis with binucleated lymphocytes. Leukemia. 2009;23:419–22.
Bhagwandin SB, Weisenberg ES, Ozer H, Maker AV. Symptomatic massive splenomegaly in persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis requiring splenectomy. Open J Clin Med Case Rep. 2015;1:1017.
Sun P, Juskevicius R. Histological and immunohistochemical features of the spleen in persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis closely mimic splenic B-cell lymphoma. Diagn Pathol. 2012;7:107.
Troussard X, Valensi F, Debert C, Maynadie M, Schillinger F, Bonnet P, Macintyre EA, Flandrin G. Persistent polyclonal lymphocytosis with binucleated B lymphocytes: a genetic predisposition. Br J Haematol. 1994;88:275–80.
Delage R, Roy J, Jacques L, Bernier V, Delage JM, Darveau A. Multiple bcl-2/Ig gene rearrangements in persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis. Br J Haematol. 1997;97:589–95.
Delage R, Roy J, Jacques L, Darveau A. All patients with persistent polyclonal B cell lymphocytosis present Bcl-2/Ig gene rearrangements. Leuk Lymphoma. 1998;31:567–74.
Callet-Bauchu E, Renard N, Gazzo S, Poncet C, Morel D, Pages J, Salles G, Coeur P, Felman P. Distribution of the cytogenetic abnormality +i(3)(q10) in persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis: a FICTION study in three cases. Br J Haematol. 1997;99:531–6.
Del Giudice I, Pileri SA, Rossi M, Sabattini E, Campidelli C, Starza ID, De Propris MS, Mancini F, Perrone MP, Gesuiti P, et al. Histopathological and molecular features of persistent polyclonal B-cell lymphocytosis (PPBL) with progressive splenomegaly. Br J Haematol. 2009;144:726–31.
Feugier P, De March AK, Lesesve JF, Monhoven N, Dorvaux V, Braun F, Gregoire MJ, Jonveaux P, Lederlin P, Bene MC, et al. Intravascular bone marrow accumulation in persistent polyclonal lymphocytosis: a misleading feature for B-cell neoplasm. Mod Pathol. 2004;17:1087–96.
Piris MA, Mollejo M, Campo E, Menarguez J, Flores T, Isaacson PG. A marginal zone pattern may be found in different varieties of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma: the morphology and immunohistology of splenic involvement by B-cell lymphomas simulating splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Histopathology. 1998;33:230–9.
Schenka AA, Gascoyne RD, Duchayne E, Delsol G, Brousset P. Prominent intrasinusoidal infiltration of the bone marrow by mantle cell lymphoma. Hum Pathol. 2003;34:789–91.
Tandon B, Peterson L, Gao J, Nelson B, Ma S, Rosen S, Chen YH. Nuclear overexpression of lymphoid-enhancer-binding factor 1 identifies chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma in small B-cell lymphomas. Mod Pathol. 2011;24:1433–43.
Kohnke T, Wittmann VK, Bucklein VL, Lichtenegger F, Pasalic Z, Hiddemann W, Spiekermann K, Subklewe M. Diagnosis of CLL revisited: increased specificity by a modified five-marker scoring system including CD200. Br J Haematol. 2017;179:480–7.
Howard MT, Dufresne S, Swerdlow SH, Cook JR. Follicular lymphoma of the spleen: multiparameter analysis of 16 cases. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009;131:656–62.
Perrone S, D’Elia GM, Annechini G, Ferretti A, Tosti ME, Foa R, Pulsoni A. Splenic marginal zone lymphoma: prognostic factors, role of watch and wait policy, and other therapeutic approaches in the rituximab era. Leuk Res. 2016;44:53–60.
Falini B, Agostinelli C, Bigerna B, Pucciarini A, Pacini R, Tabarrini A, Falcinelli F, Piccioli M, Paulli M, Gambacorta M, et al. IRTA1 is selectively expressed in nodal and extranodal marginal zone lymphomas. Histopathology. 2012;61:930–41.
Olszewski AJ, Castillo JJ. Survival of patients with marginal zone lymphoma: analysis of the surveillance, epidemiology, and end results database. Cancer. 2013;119:629–38.
Montalban C, Abraira V, Arcaini L, Domingo-Domenech E, Guisado-Vasco P, Iannitto E, Mollejo M, Matutes E, Ferreri A, Salar A, et al. Risk stratification for Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma based on haemoglobin concentration, platelet count, high lactate dehydrogenase level and extrahilar lymphadenopathy: development and validation on 593 cases. Br J Haematol. 2012;159:164–71.
Hockley SL, Else M, Morilla A, Wotherspoon A, Dearden C, Catovsky D, Gonzalez D, Matutes E. The prognostic impact of clinical and molecular features in hairy cell leukaemia variant and splenic marginal zone lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2012;158:347–54.
Gruszka-Westwood AM, Hamoudi RA, Matutes E, Tuset E, Catovsky D. p53 abnormalities in splenic lymphoma with villous lymphocytes. Blood. 2001;97:3552–8.
Cervetti G, Ghio F, Cecconi N, Morganti R, Galimberti S, Petrini M. How to treat splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) in patients unfit for surgery or more aggressive therapies: experience in 30 cases. J Chemother. 2017;29:126–9.
Kim H, Dorfman RF. Morphological studies of 84 untreated patients subjected to laparotomy for the staging of non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Cancer. 1974;33:657–74.
Warnke RA, Weiss LM, Chan JKC, Cleary ML, Dorfman RF. Tumors of the lymph nodes and spleen. Atlas of tumor pathology, 3rd Series, Fascicle 14. Washington, D.C.: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology; 1995.
Goffinet DR, Warnke R, Dunnick NR, Castellino R, Glatstein E, Nelsen TS, Dorfman RF, Rosenberg SA, Kaplan HS. Clinical and surgical (laparotomy) evaluation of patients with non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. Cancer Treat Rep. 1977;61:981–92.
Ahmann DL, Kiely JM, Harrison EG Jr, Payne WS. Malignant lymphoma of the spleen. A review of 49 cases in which the diagnosis was made at splenectomy. Cancer. 1966;19:461–9.
Brox A, Bishinsky JI, Berry G. Primary non-Hodgkin lymphoma of the spleen. Am J Hematol. 1991;38:95–100.
Kraemer BB, Osborne BM, Butler JJ. Primary splenic presentation of malignant lymphoma and related disorders. A study of 49 cases. Cancer. 1984;54:1606–19.
Narang S, Wolf BC, Neiman RS. Malignant lymphoma presenting with prominent splenomegaly. A clinicopathologic study with special reference to intermediate cell lymphoma. Cancer. 1985;55:1948–57.
Spier CM, Kjeldsberg CR, Eyre HJ, Behm FG. Malignant lymphoma with primary presentation in the spleen. A study of 20 patients. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1985;109:1076–80.
Kansal R, Ross CW, Singleton TP, Finn WG, Schnitzer B. Histopathologic features of splenic small B-cell lymphomas. A study of 42 cases with a definitive diagnosis by the World Health Organization classification. Am J Clin Pathol. 2003;120:335–47.
Pittaluga S, Verhoef G, Criel A, Wlodarska I, Dierlamm J, Mecucci C, Van den Berghe H, De Wolf-Peeters C. “Small” B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas with splenomegaly at presentation are either mantle cell lymphoma or marginal zone cell lymphoma. A study based on histology, cytology, immunohistochemistry, and cytogenetic analysis. Am J Surg Pathol. 1996;20:211–23.
Arber DA, Rappaport H, Weiss LM. Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoproliferative disorders involving the spleen. Mod Pathol. 1997;10:18–32.
Kraus MD, Fleming MD, Vonderheide RH. The spleen as a diagnostic specimen: a review of 10 years’ experience at two tertiary care institutions. Cancer. 2001;91:2001–9.
Hampel PJ, King RL, Hanson CA, Simonetto D, Chaffee KG, Call TG, Ding W, Kenderian SS, Slager SL, Kay NE, and others. Liver biopsy in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: indications and pathological findings. Blood. 2016;128:5592.
Ruchlemer R, Wotherspoon AC, Thompson JN, Swansbury JG, Matutes E, Catovsky D. Splenectomy in mantle cell lymphoma with leukaemia: a comparison with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. Br J Haematol. 2002;118:952–8.
Hsi ED, Martin P. Indolent mantle cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2014;55:761–7.
Furtado M, Rule S. Indolent mantle cell lymphoma. Haematologica. 2011;96:1086–8.
Ondrejka SL, Lai R, Smith SD, Hsi ED. Indolent mantle cell leukemia: a clinicopathological variant characterized by isolated lymphocytosis, interstitial bone marrow involvement, kappa light chain restriction, and good prognosis. Haematologica. 2011;96:1121–7.
Loddenkemper C, Longerich T, Hummel M, Ernestus K, Anagnostopoulos I, Dienes HP, Schirmacher P, Stein H. Frequency and diagnostic patterns of lymphomas in liver biopsies with respect to the WHO classification. Virchows Arch. 2007;450:493–502.
Shimono J, Miyoshi H, Kamimura T, Eto T, Miyagishima T, Sasaki Y, Kurita D, Kawamoto K, Nagafuji K, Seto M, et al. Clinicopathological features of primary splenic follicular lymphoma. Ann Hematol. 2017;96:2063–70.
Mollejo M, Rodriguez-Pinilla MS, Montes-Moreno S, Algara P, Dogan A, Cigudosa JC, Juarez R, Flores T, Forteza J, Arribas A, et al. Splenic follicular lymphoma: clinicopathologic characteristics of a series of 32 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2009;33:730–8.
Lei KI. Primary non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma of the liver. Leuk Lymphoma. 1998;29:293–9.
Dimopoulos MA, Panayiotidis P, Moulopoulos LA, Sfikakis P, Dalakas M. Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia: clinical features, complications, and management. J Clin Oncol. 2000;18:214–26.
Hamadeh F, MacNamara SP, Aguilera NS, Swerdlow SH, Cook JR. MYD88 L265P mutation analysis helps define nodal lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma. Mod Pathol. 2015;28:564–74.
Lin P, Bueso-Ramos C, Wilson CS, Mansoor A, Medeiros LJ. Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia involving extramedullary sites: morphologic and immunophenotypic findings in 44 patients. Am J Surg Pathol. 2003;27:1104–13.
Pescarmona E, Pignoloni P, Orazi A, Lo Coco F, Lavinia AM, Martelli M, Baroni CD. “Composite” lymphoma, lymphoplasmacytoid and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the spleen: molecular-genetic evidence of a common clonal origin. Virchows Arch. 1999;435:442–6.
Borgonovo G, d'Oiron R, Amato A, Leger-Ravet MB, Iseni MC, Smadja C, Lemaigre G, Franco D. Primary lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma of the liver associated with a serum monoclonal peak of IgG kappa. Am J Gastroenterol. 1995;90:137–40.
Polprasert C, Wongchitrat C, Assanasen T, Prayongratana K. Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma with IgA hypergammaglobulinemia and liver involvement. J Med Assoc Thail. 2009;92(Suppl 3):S65–8.
Isaacson PG, Banks PM, Best PV, McLure SP, Muller-Hermelink HK, Wyatt JI. Primary low-grade hepatic B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-type. Am J Surg Pathol. 1995;19:571–5.
Maes M, Depardieu C, Dargent JL, Hermans M, Verhaeghe JL, Delabie J, Pittaluga S, Troufleau P, Verhest A, De Wolf-Peeters C. Primary low-grade B-cell lymphoma of MALT-type occurring in the liver: a study of two cases. J Hepatol. 1997;27:922–7.
Prabhu RM, Medeiros LJ, Kumar D, Drachenberg CI, Papadimitriou JC, Appelman HD, Johnson LB, Laurin J, Heyman M, Abruzzo LV. Primary hepatic low-grade B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) associated with primary biliary cirrhosis. Mod Pathol. 1998;11:404–10.
Kirk CM, Lewin D, Lazarchick J. Primary hepatic B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 1999;123:716–9.
Nagata S, Harimoto N, Kajiyama K. Primary hepatic mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma: a case report and literature review. Surg Case Rep. 2015;1:87.
Streubel B, Lamprecht A, Dierlamm J, Cerroni L, Stolte M, Ott G, Raderer M, Chott A. T(14;18)(q32;q21) involving IGH and MALT1 is a frequent chromosomal aberration in MALT lymphoma. Blood. 2003;101:2335–9.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Shao, H. (2020). Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma and Other Small B-Cell Lymphomas. In: Zhang, L., Shao, H., Alkan, S. (eds) Diagnostic Pathology of Hematopoietic Disorders of Spleen and Liver. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37708-3_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37708-3_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-37707-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-37708-3
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)