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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment

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Tumor Microenvironment

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1234))

Abstract

The interactions between tumor cells and the non-malignant stromal and immune cells that make up the tumor microenvironment (TME) are critical to the pathophysiology of cancer. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal stem cells found within most cancers and play a critical role influencing the formation and function of the TME. MSCs have been reported to support tumor growth through a variety of mechanisms including (i) differentiation into other pro-tumorigenic stromal components, (ii) suppression of the immune response, (iii) promotion of angiogenesis, (iv) enhancement of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), (v) enrichment of cancer stem-like cells (CSC), (vi) increase in tumor cell survival, and (vii) promotion of tumor metastasis. In contrast, MSCs have also been reported to have antitumorigenic functions including (i) enhancement of the immune response, (ii) inhibition of angiogenesis, (iii) regulation of cellular signaling, and (iv) induction of tumor cell apoptosis. Although literature supporting both arguments exists, most studies point to MSCs acting in a cancer supporting role within the confines of the TME. Tumor-suppressive effects are observed when MSCs are used in higher ratios to tumor cells. Additionally, MSC function appears to be tissue type dependent and may rely on cancer education to reprogram a naïve MSC with antitumor effects into a cancer-educated or cancer-associated MSC (CA-MSC) which develops pro-tumorigenic function. Further work is required to delineate the complex crosstalk between MSCs and other components of the TME to accurately assess the impact of MSCs on cancer initiation, growth, and spread.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Huda Atiya & Leonard Frisbie

  2. University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Catherine Pressimone

  3. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Medicine, Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

    Lan Coffman

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  1. Huda Atiya
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  2. Leonard Frisbie
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  3. Catherine Pressimone
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  4. Lan Coffman
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Correspondence to Lan Coffman .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA, Department of Pathology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Alexander Birbrair

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Atiya, H., Frisbie, L., Pressimone, C., Coffman, L. (2020). Mesenchymal Stem Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment. In: Birbrair, A. (eds) Tumor Microenvironment. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1234. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37184-5_3

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