Abstract
To understand the flow field and discharge characteristics of a triangular weir with an upstream ramp (TW-UR), experimental study as well as computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation were performed. The Ansys CFX module and standard k-ε turbulent model were used in the simulation. It was observed that the TW-UR had about 9.8–14.3% higher discharging capacity than a sharp-crested weir of the same height and it was found that about 10–15% higher discharging capacity was estimated in the CFD simulation as compared to the observed data under the same head. The highly active flow field in the upstream side and enhanced velocity along the flow direction due to flow contraction in the vertical plane are helpful in enhancing the hydrodynamic force exerted by the moving fluid and creating the chances of sediment passage as well as increasing the discharging capacity. Existing two equations of the coefficient of discharge for TW-UR were checked for their accuracy using the present and previous experimental data, and it was observed that the equation proposed by Azimi et al. (J Irrig Drain Eng 139(1):75–83, 2013) predicted the coefficient of discharge within ±5, ±10 and ±15% error ranges for 43.0, 72.5 and 92.5% datasets, whereas within those error ranges, equation proposed by Di Stefano et al. (J Irrig Drain Eng 142(10):04016036-1–9, 2016) estimated the coefficient of discharge for 61.7, 92.3 and 100% datasets, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that in most of the cases, the equation of Di Stefano et al. (J Irrig Drain Eng 142(10):04016036-1–9, 2016) showed better precision than Azimi et al. (J Irrig Drain Eng 139(1):75–83, 2013) equation, and overall, the equation proposed by Di Stefano et al. (J Irrig Drain Eng 142(10):04016036-1–9, 2016) is more accurate than the equation proposed by Azimi et al. (J Irrig Drain Eng 139(1):75–83, 2013).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Abou-Seida MM, Quraishi AA (1976) A flow equation for submerged rectangular weirs. Proc Inst Civil Eng Part 2(61):685–696
Acharya R (2016) Investigation of differences in Ansys solvers CFX and fluent. Master thesis, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
ANSYS (2018) ANSYS academic research mechanical and CFD, Release 19.1, Canonsburg, PA
Aydin MC, Emiroglu ME (2013) Determination of capacity of labyrinth side weir by CFD. Flow Meas Instrum 29:1–8
Aydin MC, Emiroglu ME (2016) Numerical analysis of subcritical flow over two-cycle trapezoidal labyrinth side weir. Flow Meas Instrum 48:20–28
Azimi AH, Rajaratnam N (2009) Discharge characteristics of weirs of finite crest length. J Hydraul Eng 135(12):1081–1085
Azimi AH, Rajaratnam N, Zhu DZ (2012) A note on sharp-crested weirs and weirs of finite crest length. Can J Civ Eng 39(11):1234–1237
Azimi AH, Rajaratnam N, Zhu DZ (2013) Discharge characteristics of weirs of finite crest length with upstream and downstream ramps. J Irrig Drain Eng 139(1):75–83
Azimi H, Shabanlou S (2015) U-shaped channels along the side weir for subcritical and supercritical flow regimes. Flow Meas Instrum 46:170–178
Bai Y, Duan JG (2014) Simulating unsteady flow and sediment transport in vegetated channel network. J Hydrol 515:90–102
Bates PD, Lane SN, Ferguson RI (2005) Computational fluid dynamics: applications in environmental hydraulics. John Wiley & Sons Ltd, Chichester
Berggren M, Ekström SE, Nordström J (2009) A discontinuous Galerkin extension of the vertex-centered edge-based finite volume method. Commun Comput Phys 5(2–4):456–468
Bremer F, Oertel M (2017) Numerical investigation of wall thickness influence on Piano Key Weir discharge coefficients: a preliminary study. In: Proc. of the third international workshop on labyrinth and Piano Key Weirs 2017, Taylor & Francis Group, London, pp 101–108
Crookston BM, Anderson RM, Tullis BP (2018) Free-flow discharge estimation method for Piano Key Weir geometries. J Hydro-Environ Res 19:160–167
Di Stefano C, Ferro V, Bijankhan M (2016) New theoretical solution of the outflow process for a weir with complex shape. J Irrig Drain Eng 142(10):04016036-1–9
Fan J, Morris GL (1992) Reservoir sedimentation. I: delta and density current deposits. J Hydraul Eng 118(3):354–369
Garde RJ, Ranga Raju KG (2015) Mechanics of sediment transportation and alluvial stream problems. Revised 3rd edn. New Age International (P) Ltd., New Delhi
Henderson FM (1966) Open channel flow. Macmillan, New York
Horton RE (1907) Weir experiments, coefficients, and formulas. In: Proc. U.S. geological survey—water supply and irrigation (200), Government Printing office, Washington, DC
Hoseini SH, Jahromi SHM, Vahid MSR (2013) Determination of discharge coefficient of rectangular broad-crested side weir in trapezoidal channel by CFD. Int J Hydraul Eng 2(4):64–70
Hu H, Qian Z, Yang W, Hou D, Du L (2018) Numerical study of characteristics and discharge capacity of Piano Key Weirs. Flow Meas Instrum 62:27–32
Kabiri-Samani A, Javaheri A (2012) Discharge coefficients for free and submerged flow over Piano Key Weirs. J Hydraul Res 50(1):114–120
Kim S, Im J, Lee SO (2014) Assessment of sediment exclusion efficiency for several modified labyrinth weirs. Paddy Water Environ 12(Supp. 1):133–140
Kumar S, Ahmad Z, Mansoor T (2011) A new approach to improve the discharging capacity of sharp-crested triangular plan form weirs. Flow Meas Instrum 22:175–180
Launder BE, Spalding DB (1972) Lectures in mathematical models of turbulence. Academic Press, London, New York
Launder BE, Spalding DB (1974) The numerical computation of turbulent flows. Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng 3:269–289
Shaker AJ, Sarhan AS (2017) Performance of flow over a Weir with sloped upstream face. ZANCO J Pure Appl Sci 29(3):43–54
Tiwari H, Sharma N (2017) Turbulence study in the vicinity of Piano Key Weir: relevance, instrumentation, parameters and methods. Appl Water Sci 7:525–534
Acknowledgements
The first author would like to thank WBSEDCL for sponsoring his master’s study. He would also like to express his gratitude to Prof. S. K. Mishra, WRD & M, IIT Roorkee, for his fruitful advice and encouragement. The second author is extremely thankful to the MHRD, Government of India for sponsorship.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kadia, S., Kumar, B., Ahmad, Z. (2020). Discharge Characteristics of Triangular Weir with Upstream Ramp and Its CFD Modelling Using Ansys CFX Module. In: Kalinowska, M., Mrokowska, M., Rowiński, P. (eds) Recent Trends in Environmental Hydraulics. GeoPlanet: Earth and Planetary Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37105-0_7
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37105-0_7
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-37104-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-37105-0
eBook Packages: Physics and AstronomyPhysics and Astronomy (R0)