Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Anti-forensics of a NAD-JPEG Detection Scheme Using Estimation of DC Coefficients

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Information Systems Security (ICISS 2019)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNSC,volume 11952))

Included in the following conference series:

Abstract

Bianchi et al. proposed a method to detect the non-aligned double JPEG (NAD-JPEG) compression using the presence of distortions in the Integer Periodicity Map (IPM) of DC coefficients of any JPEG image. However, we found that the IPM can be easily altered without affecting the visual quality of an image. In this paper, we propose a new anti-forensics scheme that alters the IPM to deceive the Bianchi et al. scheme. In our proposed method, a statistical model of the DC coefficients from singly compressed JPEG image is used to generate an estimated image which is free from quantization artifacts that are present in the IPM. The estimated image is subjected to NAD-JPEG compression. It was found that the DC values of NAD-JPEG image are no longer be the multiples of the corresponding primary quantization step size \(q_1\). As a result, the DCT coefficients do not cluster around the lattice related to the \(q_1\) and the IPM of the double JPEG compressed image seems to be the IPM of a singly compressed JPEG image. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed anti-forensics scheme as the accuracy of the said forensics method get reduced to less than \(50\%\) in case of anti-forensically modified images.

This work is supported by Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology, Govt. of India; grant no “12(1)/2017-CSRD”.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bianchi, T., Piva, A.: Detection of nonaligned double JPEG compression based on integer periodicity maps. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 7(2), 842–848 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1109/TIFS.2011.2170836

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Chu, X., Stamm, M.C., Chen, Y., Liu, K.J.R.: On antiforensic concealability with rate-distortion tradeoff. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 24(3), 1087–1100 (2015)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  3. Dang-Nguyen, D.T., Pasquini, C., Conotter, V., Boato, G.: RAISE: a raw images dataset for digital image forensics. In: Proceedings of the 6th ACM Multimedia Systems Conference, MMSys 2015, pp. 219–224. ACM, New York (2015). https://doi.org/10.1145/2713168.2713194

  4. Das, T.K.: Anti-forensics of JPEG compression detection schemes using approximation of DCT coefficients. Multimed. Tools Appl. 77(24), 31835–31854 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-6170-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Fan, W., Wang, K., Cayre, F., Xiong, Z.: JPEG anti-forensics with improved tradeoff between forensic undetectability and image quality. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 9(8), 1211–1226 (2014)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Fan, Z., de Queiroz, R.L.: Identification of bitmap compression history: JPEG detection and quantizer estimation. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 12(2), 230–235 (2003)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Farid, H.: A survey of image forgery detection. IEEE Signal Process. Mag. 2(26), 16–25 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Huang, F., Huang, J., Shi, Y.Q.: Detecting double JPEG compression with the same quantization matrix. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 5(4), 848–856 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Lai, S.Y., Böhme, R.: Countering counter-forensics: the case of JPEG compression. In: Filler, T., Pevný, T., Craver, S., Ker, A. (eds.) IH 2011. LNCS, vol. 6958, pp. 285–298. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24178-9_20

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  10. Li, H., Luo, W., Huang, J.: Anti-forensics of double JPEG compression with the same quantization matrix. Multimed. Tools Appl. 74(17), 6729–6744 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Lukáš, J., Fridrich, J.: Estimation of primary quantization matrix in double compressed JPEG images. In: Proceedings of DFRWS (2003)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Luo, W., Huang, J., Qui, G.: JPEG error analysis and its applications to digital image forensics. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 5(3), 480–491 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Milani, S., Tagliasacchi, M., Tubaro, S.: Discriminating multiple jpeg compression using first digit features. In: 2012 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing (ICASSP), pp. 2253–2256, March 2012

    Google Scholar 

  14. Niu, Y., Li, X., Zhao, Y., Ni, R.: An enhanced approach for detecting double JPEG compression with the same quantization matrix. Sig. Process.: Image Commun. 76, 89–96 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Pevny, T., Fridrich, J.: Detection of double-compression in JPEG images for applications in steganography. IEEE Trans. Inf. Forensics Secur. 3(2), 247–258 (2008)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Schaefer, G., Stich, M.: UCID: an uncompressed color image database. In: Yeung, M.M., Lienhart, R.W., Li, C.S. (eds.) Storage and Retrieval Methods and Applications for Multimedia 2004, vol. 5307, pp. 472–480, December 2003. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.525375

  17. Singh, G., Singh, K.: Improved JPEG anti-forensics with better image visual quality and forensic undetectability. Forensic Sci. Int. 277 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.06.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Stamm, M.C., Tjoa, S.K., Lin, W.S., Liu, K.J.R.: Anti-forensics of JPEG compression. In: 2010 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, pp. 1694–1697, March 2010. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICASSP.2010.5495491

  19. Taimori, A., Razzazi, F., Behrad, A., Ahmadi, A., Babaie-Zadeh, M.: Quantization-unaware double JPEG compression detection. J. Math. Imaging Vis. 54(3), 269–286 (2016)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Uehara, T., Safavi-Naini, R., Ogunbona, P.: Recovering DC coefficients in block-based DCT. IEEE Trans. Image Process. 15(11), 3592–3596 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1109/TIP.2006.881939

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Wei, H., Yao, H., Qin, C., Tang, Z.: Automatic forgery localization via artifacts analysis of JPEG and resampling. In: Yang, C.-N., Peng, S.-L., Jain, L.C. (eds.) SICBS 2018. AISC, vol. 895, pp. 221–234. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16946-6_18

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  22. Xue, F., Lu, W., Ye, Z., Liu, H.: JPEG image tampering localization based on normalized gray level co-occurrence matrix. Multimed. Tools Appl. 78(8), 9895–9918 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-018-6611-3

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Computer Applications, National Institute of Technology, Raipur, G.E. Road, Raipur, 492010, Chhattisgarh, India

    Arkaprava Bhaduri Mandal & Tanmoy Kanti Das

Authors
  1. Arkaprava Bhaduri Mandal
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tanmoy Kanti Das
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arkaprava Bhaduri Mandal .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Max Planck Institute for Software Systems, Kaiserslautern and Saarbrücken, Germany

    Deepak Garg

  2. Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology, Hyderabad, India

    N. V. Narendra Kumar

  3. Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India

    Rudrapatna K. Shyamasundar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Bhaduri Mandal, A., Das, T.K. (2019). Anti-forensics of a NAD-JPEG Detection Scheme Using Estimation of DC Coefficients. In: Garg, D., Kumar, N., Shyamasundar, R. (eds) Information Systems Security. ICISS 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11952. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36945-3_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36945-3_17

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-36944-6

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-36945-3

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation