State Paternalism and Data

Berle, Ian

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-36887-6_10

Ian Berle⁴

Part of the book series: Law, Governance and Technology Series ((LGTS,volume 41))

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Abstract

This chapter discusses how the data is entrusted to data controllers. However, the disconnection between data subject and data controller requires the data subject to trust their information to the paternalistic actions and oversight of the data controller that are the operational aspects of adherence to data protection legislation. But depending on the purpose for which the data is obtained or information surveilled, necessitates judicial oversight to prevent excessive or disproportionate use of surveillance powers that include the covert interception of data. The chapter further discusses the issues surrounding the conflicting demands of State Paternalism and Data.

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Notes

1.
Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary.
2.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.
3.
OCED Privacy Framework (2013), p. 76.
4.
ibid p. 67.
5.
Fair Information Practice Principles (FIPPs).
6.
Dixon (n.d.).
7.
OECD (2013) op cit p. 390.
8.
See Sect. 6.5 ‘Big Data’.
9.
Solove (2011), p. 1.
10.
ibid p. 179.
11.
DRIP Act. Additionally, the later Investigatory Powers Bill superseded the Draft Communications Bill in 2016.
12.
Theresa May MP (2014), then Home Secretary.
13.
Johnston (2015).
14.
Data Retention and Investigatory Act 2014 paragraph 1(1).
15.
ibid Paragraph 1(6a).
16.
ibid at 6b.
17.
Data Retention and Investigatory Act Explanatory Notes, para 110. See fn.11 above; the new bill was given Royal Assent on 29th November 2016 becoming the Investigatory Powers Act 2016.
18.
Liberty (n.d.).
19.
See fn.17 above: Paragraphs 100–102.
20.
Hill (2017).
21.
Investigatory Powers Act 2016.
22.
Cavendish (2015).
23.
The ‘Marper’ case.
24.
Gene Watch UK (n.d.).
25.
Protection of Freedoms Act 2012.
26.
ibid.
27.
Syndercombe-Court (2011), p. 195.
28.
ibid p. 229.
29.
ibid p. 230.
30.
Hopkins and Morris (2015).
31.
BBC Newsnight ‘UK police built secret face photo database (02Feb15)’.
32.
Stockley (2015) re David Laws.
33.
Ford (2014).
34.
For detail see Biometrics Commissioner Annual Report 2016.
35.
R (RMC and FJ) v Metropolitan Police Commissioner.
36.
Law and Lawyers (2015).
37.
Driver and Vehicle Licensing Authority.
38.
Re fn 35 above.
39.
Charette (2018).
40.
GAO (2016, 2017).
41.
ACLU (2018).
42.
Amazon ‘Rekognition’.
43.
Data Protection Act 2018.
44.
ibid Chapter 2 §86.
45.
ibid Chapter 3 §§92-100.
46.
Mill (1859; 1991), p. 74.
47.
Robinson et al. (2009), p. viii.
48.
ibid pp. 37–38.
49.
SWIFT case. Cited by Robinson et al. (2009).
50.
Human Rights Act (HRA) 1998.
51.
Solove (2011) op cit, p. 102;104;. fn. 1, p. 222. Citing United States v. Miller, 425 U.S. 435 (1976).
52.
Shils (1956), pp. 22–23.
53.
UK Home Office.
54.
Re: Mosley v News Group Newspapers Ltd.
55.
Such review will likely include judicial and ECHR compliance issues (and the future effect of the GDPR).
56.
Cole (2014), pp. 112–113.
57.
Hernández-Aguilar et al. (2011), p. 130.
58.
Han and Kamber (2002). Cited by Hernández-Aguilar op cit (2011).
59.
Terminology and Notation.
60.
Chapter 2.
61.
Big Brother Watch Report (2012), p. 15.
62.
ibid p. 9.
63.
Cole (2014), p. 96 op cit.
64.
Big Brother Watch op cit p. 23.
65.
ibid p. 17.
66.
Protection of Freedoms Bill.
67.
Transport for London.
68.
Data Retention and Investigatory Powers Act 2014.
69.
David Davis and others; EU Charter of Fundamental Rights.
70.
See Chap. 7.
71.
Investigatory Powers Bill Explanatory Notes.
72.
Investigatory Powers Act 2016.
73.
Eventually, the UK will be beyond the jurisdiction of the ECJ when (assuming) the country leaves the EU, but the UK will still need to comply with EU law governing personal data and privacy, which has necessitated the Data Protection Act 2018. It is further likely that future EU legislation will also require compliance, of which the GDPR is a precedent.
74.
Identity Documents Act 2010 c. 40 Repeal of Identity Cards Act 2006.
75.
Liberty ‘ID Cards’.
76.
Chapter 4.
77.
Cited by Wittes (2011), p. 1.

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Sutton, Surrey, UK
Ian Berle

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Berle, I. (2020). State Paternalism and Data. In: Face Recognition Technology. Law, Governance and Technology Series, vol 41. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36887-6_10

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36887-6_10
Published: 12 March 2020
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
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