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Burden of Disease: The Epidemiological Aspects of Addiction

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Textbook of Addiction Treatment

Abstract

This chapter describes epidemiological aspects of substance use disorders. It begins with a narrative review of the transition from substance use to a substance use disorder. A methodological introduction into global burden of disease estimates for substance use disorders follows, and finally, this chapter reports on regional differences on burden of disease.

The investigation of what influences the course of substance use from initiation to the development of a substance use disorder reveals a multiplicity of factors. The overall picture suggests that extra-individual, social factors such as the cultural background, or peer behavior, predominantly influence use initiation and the transition to hazardous patterns of use, whereas intraindividual factors such as personality traits and genes are more prominent in the development and potential chronification of substance use disorders.

1.4% and 0.9% of the global population were affected by alcohol use and by drug use disorders, respectively, according to estimates from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study, which only includes the more severe cases. For all substances, prevalence is higher in men than in women. These disorders cause substantial burden of disease: alcohol use disorders account for 0.7% of the global burden of disease, while drug use disorders account for 1.1%. While tobacco use disorders are defined in psychiatric classification systems, their prevalence and associated burden are not estimated by the GBD.

The burden of disease attributable to different substance use disorders varies strongly across countries and regions. Burden due to alcohol use disorders is highest in upper-middle-income countries, while burden due to drug use disorders is highest in high-income countries.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada

    J. Rehm, C. Probst, L. Llamosas Falcón & K. D. Shield

  2. Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    J. Rehm & K. D. Shield

  3. Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    J. Rehm

  4. Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    J. Rehm

  5. Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany

    J. Rehm

  6. Department of International Health Projects, Institute for Leadership and Health Management, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation

    J. Rehm

  7. Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain

    L. Llamosas Falcón

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  1. Division of Addiction Department of Psychiatry, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Nady el-Guebaly

  2. Mental Health Department, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Monza e Brianza, Italy

    Giuseppe Carrà

  3. Division of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA

    Marc Galanter

  4. Population and Behavioural Science Division (Psychiatry and Addictions), University of St Andrews, St.Andrews, UK

    Alexander M. Baldacchino

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Table 5.4 Definitions of scientific terms
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Rehm, J., Probst, C., Falcón, L.L., Shield, K.D. (2021). Burden of Disease: The Epidemiological Aspects of Addiction. In: el-Guebaly, N., Carrà, G., Galanter, M., Baldacchino, A.M. (eds) Textbook of Addiction Treatment. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36391-8_5

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