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Parathyroid Tumor Microenvironment

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Tumor Microenvironments in Organs

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1226))

Abstract

Parathyroid tumors are the second most common endocrine neoplasia, and it is almost always associated with hypersecretion of the parathormone (PTH), involved in calcium homeostasis, causing primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT). Parathyroid neoplasia has a stromal component particularly represented in atypical adenomatous and carcinomatous lesions. Recently, data about the features and the function of the parathyroid tumor microenvironment (TME) have been accumulated. Parathyroid TME includes heterogeneous cells: endothelial cells, myofibroblasts, lymphocytes and macrophages, and mesenchymal stem cells have been identified, each of them presenting a phenotype consistent with tumor-associated cells. Parathyroid tumors overexpress proangiogenic molecules including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A), fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and angiopoietins that promote both recruitment and proliferation of endothelial cell precursors, thus resulting in a microvessel density higher than that detected in normal parathyroid glands. Moreover, parathyroid tumor endocrine cells operate multifaceted interactions with stromal cells, partly mediated by the CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway, while, at present, the immune landscape of parathyroid tumors has just begun to be investigated. Studies about TME in parathyroid adenomas provide an example of the role of TME in benign tumors, whose molecular mechanisms and functions comprehension are limited.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy

    Chiara Verdelli

  2. Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Valentina Vaira

  3. Division of Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy

    Valentina Vaira

  4. Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Odontoiatric Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Sabrina Corbetta

  5. Endocrinology and Diabetology Service, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy

    Sabrina Corbetta

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  1. Chiara Verdelli
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  2. Valentina Vaira
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  3. Sabrina Corbetta
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Correspondence to Sabrina Corbetta .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Columbia University Medical Center, Department of Radiology, New York, NY, USA, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Department of Pathology, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil

    Alexander Birbrair

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Verdelli, C., Vaira, V., Corbetta, S. (2020). Parathyroid Tumor Microenvironment. In: Birbrair, A. (eds) Tumor Microenvironments in Organs. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1226. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36214-0_3

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