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CRISPR: The Revolutionary Gene Editing Tool with Far-Reaching Applications

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Book cover Biotechnology Business - Concept to Delivery

Part of the book series: EcoProduction ((ECOPROD))

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Abstract

In the realm of scientific research, there is an immense value for biological research tools, which can modify, insert, and delete DNA sequences of cells or organisms in order to understand the function of specific genes. One of the most revolutionary scientific revelations of the twenty-first century has been the development of the programmable CRISPR-Cas9 genome engineering technology. The groundbreaking CRISPR-Cas9 gene modulating system is derived from the original type II CRISPR-Cas system, whose primary purpose was to endow bacteria with adaptive immunity to viral infections. CRISPR-associated protein 9 or simply Cas9 is an enzyme that belongs to the class endonuclease by function. In brief, Cas9 functions to introduce double-stranded breaks in the target DNA sequence by using a guide RNA sequence to form base pairs with target DNA sequences. The elegance and simplicity of the CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing system combined with its cost-effectiveness and efficiency in precisely targeting and editing genomic sequences have heralded a transformative phase in basic biological research. Scientists around the globe are using this technology for novel groundbreaking applications that range from improving human therapeutics, improving disease resistance of industrially important crops, and for basic biology research. This chapter aims to present the key milestones in the evolution of this revolutionary CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing tool and will also discuss the far-reaching impacts of this transformative technology in the domains of basic science, biotechnology, and medicine.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, USA

    Sohinee Bhattacharyya

  2. Oregon State University, Corvallis, USA

    Anindit Mukherjee

Authors
  1. Sohinee Bhattacharyya
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  2. Anindit Mukherjee
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Correspondence to Sohinee Bhattacharyya .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. SPAK megAcorp, Aurangabad, India

    Arpita Saxena

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Bhattacharyya, S., Mukherjee, A. (2020). CRISPR: The Revolutionary Gene Editing Tool with Far-Reaching Applications. In: Saxena, A. (eds) Biotechnology Business - Concept to Delivery. EcoProduction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36130-3_2

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