Abstract
The macrophenomenon associated with bullying is characterized by the emergence of bullies, the bullied, and a third party that makes up the majority, including bystanders who are not directly involved in the conflict of bullying. Another feature of bullying is the persistent and offensive attacks by one agent, the perpetrator, against another agent, the victim. To elucidate the mechanism of bullying through agent-based modeling, this paper analyzes the structural aspects of the model that are considered indispensable in reproducing the emergence of the bullying phenomenon by systematically changing the behavioral rules of the model. The necessary condition for the model structure is found to be that each agent has the characteristic tendency of tuning and excluding behavior, which is modeled using shared values and an agent-specific threshold for the tuning and excluding actions. This model successfully reproduces the emergence of the third party, as well as the victim and perpetrator, during the process of the agents’ actions and interactions. Moreover, the personality conditions for becoming the perpetrator, the victim, and the third-party agents are well explained by the agent’s tendency for tuning and excluding behavior. It is concluded that the people who are likely to attune with others tend to become members of a large group and are rarely excluded; among these people, those who are likely to exclude others are more likely to become the perpetrator; otherwise, they may become the third-party agents. People who are less likely to attune with others tend to become solo agents, among whom those who are less likely to exclude others are more likely to become victims, with others becoming the third-party agents. However, this model does not reproduce the emergence of intensively repeated attacks by specific perpetrators against specific victims. Based on these results, the mechanisms and countermeasures against bullying are discussed.
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Ogibayashi, S., Shinagawa, K. (2020). Model Structure of Agent-Based Artificial System for Reproducing the Emergence of Bullying Phenomenon. In: Carmichael, T., Yang, Z. (eds) Proceedings of the 2018 Conference of the Computational Social Science Society of the Americas. CSSSA 2018. Springer Proceedings in Complexity. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35902-7_15
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35902-7_15
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