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Advancing Autonomy? Chinese Influence on Regional Governance in Latin America

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China–Latin America Relations in the 21st Century

Part of the book series: International Political Economy Series ((IPES))

Abstract

This chapter examines the contradictory impact of China on recent attempts to construct autonomous regional governance in Latin America. Although China’s growing economic presence has seemingly created opportunities for countries to reduce their dependence on the United States, Chinese economic influence has been decidedly liberal in nature. China’s diverse ties with Latin America do not suggest an ideological preference for post-hegemonic or post-liberal regionalism. Bilaterally, China counts both liberal and anti-liberal governments among its strategic partners. Multilaterally, it maintains relations with regional organizations across the Western Hemisphere, irrespective of whether the United States is a member or not. There is little evidence that China actively supports Latin American or South American efforts to construct autonomous governance.

The authors would like to thank Ornela Garelli-Ríos, Paola Lira and Claudia León Ang for their research assistance.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean. The organization is commonly referred to by this acronym in Spanish.

  2. 2.

    China-CELAC Agriculture Ministries Forum, China-CELAC Science & Technology Innovation Forum, China-CELAC Business Summit, China-CELAC Think Tanks Exchanges Forum, China-CELAC Young Politicians Forum, China-CELAC Cooperation in Infrastructure Forum, China-CELAC Political Parties Forum, China-CELAC Civil Societies Friendship Forum.

  3. 3.

    It is worth mentioning that zizhu (自主), “autonomy” in Chinese, also means “independence” and “to act for oneself”. Nevertheless, it lacks theoretical development in comparison with Latin American countries, and can be translated according to the three meanings mentioned above, according to the context.

  4. 4.

    The China-Taiwan “diplomatic battle” is another recurring topic in the literature on China-Latin American relations. The China-Taiwan diplomatic dispute in the region is due in part to the fact that 11 of the 20 countries in the world that still recognize Taiwan diplomatically are in Central America and the Caribbean. The “Taiwan factor” is not a priority for China to improve its relations with Latin America as demonstrated by its absence in both of China’s Policy Papers, the slow evolution of bilateral political consultation mechanisms, and China’s willingness to approach CELAC, whose membership includes all 33 countries in the region, among them the countries that still recognize Taipei. This may change with the appointment of Tsai Ing-wen as president of Taiwan, and the recent diplomatic recognition from Panama to the People’s Republic of China.

  5. 5.

    According to Chinese figures, in 2015 the main South American trade partners accounted for 65.83% of the total Chinese trade with the Latin American Region (National Bureau of Statistics of China, 2016). This assertion contrasts with some studies already mentioned, and reflects the difficulties of tracing trade data.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Universidad Iberoamericana Ciudad de México, Mexico City, Mexico

    Thomas Legler

  2. CEMA University, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Mariano Turzi

  3. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Xochimilco, Mexico City, Mexico

    Eduardo Tzili-Apango

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of International Relations, National University Center, Buenos Aires, Argentina

    Raúl Bernal-Meza

  2. INTE, Arturo Prat University, Iquique, Chile

    Raúl Bernal-Meza

  3. Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, China

    Li Xing

  4. Research Center on Development and International Relations Department of Politics and Society, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark

    Li Xing

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Legler, T., Turzi, M., Tzili-Apango, E. (2020). Advancing Autonomy? Chinese Influence on Regional Governance in Latin America. In: Bernal-Meza, R., Xing, L. (eds) China–Latin America Relations in the 21st Century. International Political Economy Series. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35614-9_2

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