Abstract
Neurotization of DIEP free flaps has gained popularity in recent years in an effort to enhance sensation and quality of life in autologous breast reconstruction. The heterogenicity of the data shown in the literature still does not provide strong evidence of its benefit in comparison with non-innervated DIEP in long-term results; however, studies suggest that sensory recovery can be achieved earlier. The quality of sensory return may depend on donor nerve selection, the presence of radiation, and the possibility of direct nerve coaptation. This chapter discusses the techniques of neurosome selection, dissection, and coaptation with recipient nerve to optimize surgical efficiency and outcome.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Lehmann C, Gumener R, Montandon D. Sensibility and cutaneous reinnervation after breast reconstruction with musculocutaneous flaps. Ann Plast Surg. 1991;26:325–7.
Blondeel PN, Demuynck M, Mete D, et al. Sensory nerve repair in perforator flaps for autologous breast reconstruction: sensational or senseless? Br J Plast Surg. 1999;52:37.
Temple CL, Ross DC, Kim S, et al. Sensibility following innervated free TRAM flap for breast reconstruction: part II. Innervation improves patient-rated quality of life. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2009;124:1419–25.
Cornelissen AJM, Beugels J, van Kuijk SMJ, Heuts EM, Rozen SM, Spiegel AJ, van der Hulst RRWJ, Tuinder SMH. Sensation of the autologous reconstructed breast improves quality of life: a pilot study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2018;167(3):687–95.
Spiegel AJ, Menn ZK, Eldor L, Kaufman Y, Lee Dellon A. Breast reinnervation: DIEP neurotization using the third anterior intercostal nerve. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2013;1(8):e72.
Santanelli F, Longo B, Angelini M, Laporta R, Paolini G. Prospective computerized analyses of sensibility in breast reconstruction with nonreinnervated DIEP flap. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2011;127(5):1790–5.
Yap LH, Whiten SC, Forster A, Stevenson JH. The anatomical and neurophysiological basis of the sensate free TRAM and DIEP flaps. Br J Plast Surg. 2002;55:35.
Weissler JM, Koltz PF, Carney MJ, Serletti JM, Wu LC. Sifting through the evidence: a comprehensive review and analysis of neurotization in breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018;141(3):550–65.
Beugels J, Cornelissen AJM, Spiegel AJ, Heuts EM, Piatkowski A, van der Hulst RRWJ, Tuinder SMH. Sensory recovery of the breast after innervated and non-innervated autologous breastreconstructions: a systematic review. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg. 2017;70(9):1229–41.
Kay AR, McGeorge D. Susceptibility of the insensate reconstructed breast to burn injury. Plast Reconstr Surg. 1997;99:927.
Nahabedian MY, McGibbon BM. Thermal injuries in autogenous tissue breast reconstruction. Br J Plast Surg. 1998;51:599–602.
Enajat M, Rozen WM, Audolfsson T, et al. Thermal injuries in the insensate deep inferior epigastric artery perforator flap: case series and literature review on mechanisms of injury. Microsurgery. 2009;29:214–7.
Ducic I, Yoon J, Momeni A, Ahcan U. Anatomical considerations to optimize sensory recovery in breast neurotization with allograft. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2018;6(11):e1985.
Knackstedt R, Gatherwright J, Cakmakoglu C, Djohan M, Djohan R. Predictable location of breast sensory nerves for breast reinnervation. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2019;143(2):393–6.
Scott Isenberg J, Spinelli H. Further experience with innervated autologous flaps in postoncologic breast reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 2004;52(5):448.
Unukovych D, Gallego CH, Aineskog H, Rodriguez-Lorenzo A, Mani M. Predictors of reoperations in deep inferior epigastric perforator flap breast reconstruction. Plast Reconstr Surg Glob Open. 2016;4(8):e1016.
Gösseringer N, Mani M, Cali-Cassi L, Papadopoulou A, Rodriguez-Lorenzo A. Benefits of two or more senior microsurgeons operating simultaneously in microsurgical breast reconstruction: experience in a Swedish medical center. Microsurgery. 2017;37(5):416–20.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Rodriguez-Lorenzo, A., Liu, T., Mani, M. (2020). Breast Reconstruction with the Neurotized Deep Inferior Epigastric Perforator Flap. In: Mayer, H. (eds) Breast Reconstruction. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34603-4_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34603-4_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-34602-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-34603-4
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)