Abstract
Arctic is a huge area, and the Arctic environment is not uniform. They roughly divide Arctic into two regions: the High and the Low Arctic. The High Arctic is the northern region of the Arctic with extremely cold winters and short cool summers. The ground of High Arctic is permafrost frozen to a depth of several hundred meters. Even though the transition between the Low and High Arctic is not very clearly delineated, the High Arctic differs from the Low Arctic in having very low-growing herbs and the absence of erect shrubs.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Bibliography
CAFF (Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna) (2010) Arctic Biodiversity Trends 2010 – Selected indicators of change
CAVM (Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map) Team (2003) Circumpolar Arctic Vegetation Map (1:7,500,000 scale), Conservation of Arctic Flora and Fauna (CAFF) Map No. 1. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, Alaska. http://www.geobotany.uaf.edu/cavm/
Chernov YI, Matveyeva NV (1997) Arctic ecosystems in Russia. In: Wielgolaski F-E (ed) Polar and alpine tundra. Ecosystems of the world 3:361–508
Daniëls FJ, Bültmann H, Lünterbusch C, Wilhelm M (2000) Vegetation zones and biodiversity of the North-American Arctic. Berichte der Reinhold-Tüxen-Gesellschaft 12:131–151
Edlund S (1990) Bioclimate zones in the Canadian Archipelago. In: Harrington CR (ed) Canada’s missing dimension: science and history in the Canadian Arctic Islands. Canadian Museum of Nature, Ottawa, pp 421–441
Elvebakk A (1985) Higher phytosociological syntaxa on Svalbard and their use in subdivision of the Arctic. Nord J Bot 5:273–284
Elvebakk A (1999) Bioclimatic delimitation and subdivision of the Arctic. In: Nordal I, Razzhivin VY (eds) The species concept in the High North – A Panarctic Flora initiative. The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, Oslo, pp 81–112
Elvebakk A, Elven R, Razzhivin VY (1999) Delimitation, zonal and sectorial subdivision of the Arctic for the Panarctic Flora Project. In: Nordal I, Razzhivin VY (eds) The species concept in the High North – A Panarctic Flora initiative. The Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, Oslo, pp 375–386
Nuttall M (ed) (2005) Encyclopedia of the Arctic. Routledge, London, pp 117–121
Polunin N (1951) The real Arctic: suggestions for its delimitation, subdivision and characterization. J Ecol 39:308–315
Raynolds MK, Comiso JC, Walker DA, Verbyla D (2008) Relationship between satellite-derived land surface temperatures, arctic vegetation types, and NDVI. Remote Sens Environ 112:1884–1894
Sale R (2008) The Arctic: the complete story. Frances Lincoln, London, pp 15–21
Tuhkanen S (1986) Delimitation of climatic-phytogeographical regions at the high-latitude area. Nordia 20:105–112
Walker DA (2000) Hierarchical subdivision of arctic tundra based on vegetation response to climate, parent material, and topography. Glob Chang Biol 6(S1):19–34
Walker DA, Gould WA, Maier HA, Raynolds MK (2002) The circumpolar Arctic vegetation map: AVHRR-derived base maps, environmental controls, and integrated mapping procedures. Int J Remote Sens 23:4551–4570
Young SB (1971) The vascular flora of St. Lawrence Island with special reference to floristic zonation in the arctic regions. Contrib Gray Herb 201:11–115
Yurtsev BA (1994) The floristic division of the Arctic. J Veg Sci 5:765–776
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Lee, Y.K. (2020). Arctic Is Not One. In: Arctic Plants of Svalbard. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34560-0_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34560-0_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-34559-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-34560-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)