Abstract
The environmental impact associated with the various scale dimensions (i.e., laboratory, pilot plant, and industrial) is influenced by substantial changes correlated with many process parameters. Performing an industrial eco-design study starting from laboratory data is complex, and the risk of outlining an environmental profile that does not correspond to the real future industrial system is quite high. Usually, this is due to the scarcity of information about the industrial scale of the analysed system and to the difficulty of predicting the behaviour and evolution of the process during the scale-up. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the main advantages and drawbacks of the application of LCA to support the industrial scale-up in the chemical sector. The matters addressed in the previous chapter will also be emphasised and integrated with other methodological issues. Moreover, an LCA methodological framework to deal with a systematic scale-up procedure overarching all the LCA phases is proposed.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aboudheir A, Akande A, Idem R et al (2016) Life cycle assessment (LCA) applied to the process industry: a review. J Clean Prod 17:1028–1041. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-012-0432-9
Ardente F, Cellura M (2012) Economic allocation in life cycle assessment: the state of the art and discussion of examples. J Ind Ecol 16:387–398. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00434.x
Arvidsson R, Molander S (2017) Prospective life cycle assessment of epitaxial graphene production at different manufacturing scales and maturity. J Ind Ecol 21:1153–1164. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12526
Arvidsson R, Tillman AM, Sandén BA et al (2018) Environmental assessment of emerging technologies: recommendations for prospective LCA. J Ind Ecol 22:1286–1294. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12690
Bravi M, Parisi ML, Tiezzi E, Basosi R (2010) Life cycle assessment of advanced technologies for photovoltaic panels production. Int J Heat Technol 28:133–139
Brezet H, van Hemel C (1997) Ecodesign: a promising approach to sustainable production & consumption. United Nations Environment Programme, Industry and Environment, Cleaner Production
Burgess AA, Brennan DJ (2001) Application of life cycle assessment to chemical processes. Chem Eng Sci 56:2589–2604. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0009-2509(00)00511-X
Busi E, Maranghi S, Corsi L, Basosi R (2016) Environmental sustainability evaluation of innovative self-cleaning textiles. J Clean Prod 133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.05.072
Caduff M, Huijbregts MAJ, Althaus H, Hendriks JA (2011) Power-law relationships for estimating mass, fuel consumption and costs of energy conversion equipments. 751–754. https://doi.org/10.1021/es103095k
Caduff M, Huijbregts MAJ, Althaus HJ et al (2012) Wind power electricity: the bigger the turbine, the greener the electricity? Environ Sci Technol 46:4725–4733. https://doi.org/10.1021/es204108n
Caduff M, Huijbregts MAJ, Koehler A et al (2014) Scaling relationships in life cycle assessment: the case of heat production from biomass and heat pumps. J Ind Ecol 18:393–406. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12122
Capello C, Hellweg S, Badertscher B, Hungerbühler K (2005) Life-cycle inventory of waste solvent distillation: statistical analysis of empirical data. Environ Sci Technol 39:5885–5892. https://doi.org/10.1021/es048114o
Cucurachi S, Van Der Giesen C, Guinée J (2018) Ex-ante LCA of emerging technologies. Proc CIRP 69:463–468. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2017.11.005
EIIP (2007) Methods for estimating air emissions from chemical manufacturing facilities. In: EIIP EIIP- (ed). US EPA
Fantke P, Ernstoff A (2018) LCA of chemicals and chemical products. Life cycle assessment. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 783–815
Fatarella E, Parisi ML, Varheenmaa M, Talvenmaa P (2015) Life cycle assessment of high-protective clothing for complex emergency operations. J Text Inst 106:1226–1238. https://doi.org/10.1080/00405000.2014.985881
Frischknecht R, Büsser S, Krewitt W (2009) Environmental assessment of future technologies: how to trim LCA to fit this goal? Int J Life Cycle Assess 14:584–588. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-009-0120-6
Furniss BS, Hannafort AJ, Smith PWG, Tatchell AR (1989) Textbook of practical organic chemistry, fifth edn. VOGEL’s, New York
Galli F, Pirola C, Previtali D et al (2018) Eco design LCA of an innovative lab scale plant for the production of oxygen-enriched air. Comparison between economic and environmental assessment. J Clean Prod 171:147–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.09.268
Gavankar S, Suh S, Keller AA (2015) The role of scale and technology maturity in life cycle assessment of emerging technologies: a case study on carbon nanotubes. J Ind Ecol 19:51–60. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12175
Hetherington AC, Borrion AL, Griffiths OG, McManus MC (2014) Use of LCA as a development tool within early research: challenges and issues across different sectors. Int J Life Cycle Assess 19:130–143. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-013-0627-8
Hung CR, Ellingsen LAW, Majeau-Bettez G (2018) LiSET: a framework for early-stage life cycle screening of emerging technologies. J Ind Ecol 00:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12807
Jeswiet J, Hauschild M (2005) EcoDesign and future environmental impacts. Mater Des 26:629–634. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2004.08.016
López-Aparicio S, Vogt M, Vo DT (2015) Methods for estimating air pollutant emissions—Norsk institutt for luftforskning (NILU)
Maranghi S (2012) Energy efficiency optimization study of micro-generation and energy saving systems by LCA analysis. Dissertation, University of Siena
Maranghi S, Parisi ML, Basosi R, Sinicropi A (2019) Environmental profile of the manufacturing process of perovskite photovoltaics: harmonization of life cycle assessment studies. Energies 12:3746
Parisi M, Maranghi S, Sinicropi A, Basosi R (2013) Development of dye sensitized solar cells: a life cycle perspective for the environmental and market potential assessment of a renewable energy technology. Int J Heat Technol 31:143–148. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijht.310219
Parisi ML, Ferrara N, Torsello L, Basosi R (2019) Life cycle assessment of atmospheric emission profiles of the Italian geothermal power plants. J Clean Prod 234:881–894. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.06.222
Parvatker AG, Eckelman MJ (2019) Comparative evaluation of chemical life cycle inventory generation methods and implications for life cycle assessment results. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 7:350–367. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.8b03656
Piccinno F, Hischier R, Seeger S, Som C (2016) From laboratory to industrial scale: a scale-up framework for chemical processes in life cycle assessment studies. J Clean Prod 135:1085–1097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.06.164
Piccinno F, Hischier R, Seeger S, Som C (2018) Predicting the environmental impact of a future nanocellulose production at industrial scale: application of the life cycle assessment scale-up framework. J Clean Prod 174:283–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.226
Righi S, Baioli F, Dal Pozzo A, Tugnoli A (2018) Integrating life cycle inventory and process design techniques for the early estimate of energy and material consumption data. Energies 11. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11040970
Shibasaki M, Warburg N, Eyerer P (2006) Upscaling effect and life cycle assessment. Lce 2006:61–64
Shibasaki M, Albrecht S, Kupfer T (2007a) Small scale and large scale plants—effect on life cycle assessment. In: 17th European symposium on computer aided process engineering—ESCAPE17 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-6570-6_6
Shibasaki M, Fischer M, Barthel L (2007b) Effects on life cycle assessment—scale up of processes. In: Advances in life cycle engineering for sustainable manufacturing businesses, pp 377–381. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-84628-935-4_65
Shine B (1996) Methods for estimating volatile organic compound emissions from batch processing facilities. J Clean Prod 4:1–7
Simon B, Bachtin K, Kiliç A et al (2016) Proposal of a framework for scale-up life cycle inventory: a case of nanofibers for lithium iron phosphate cathode applications. Integr Environ Assess Manag 12:465–477. https://doi.org/10.1002/ieam.1788
Tischner U, Rubik F, Schmincke E, Prosler M (2000) How to do ecodesign? A guide for environmentally and economically sound design, Art Books
Walser T, Demou E, Lang DJ, Hellweg S (2011) Prospective environmental life cycle assessment of nanosilver T-shirts. Environ Sci Technol 45:4570–4578. https://doi.org/10.1021/es2001248
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Maranghi, S., Parisi, M.L., Basosi, R., Sinicropi, A. (2020). LCA as a Support Tool for the Evaluation of Industrial Scale-Up. In: Maranghi, S., Brondi, C. (eds) Life Cycle Assessment in the Chemical Product Chain. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34424-5_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34424-5_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-34423-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-34424-5
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)