Abstract
In the first part of this chapter, the discovery and current knowledge of the properties of the b quark are reviewed. Then the current status and prospects for deepening this knowledge with the LHC experiments are detailed. Finally, tagging techniques and measurements of b quarks as a probe are discussed.
Why is bottom quark physics so interesting? The cynic might argue that the labs are into bottom quark physics because it’s affordable.
—Edward H. Thorndike [1]
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Notes
- 1.
Two legends exist regarding the name of the particle. The first is that “Upsilon” stand for “up\(+\)psi”, in reference to the \(J/\psi \). The other legend is related to the spokesperson and leader of team’s name: the Nobel-prized Leon Lederman. Observing first a resonance at 6\(\,\text {GeV}\) in 1976, the members of the team agreed that its name would be Upsilon if it would be established, or Oops-Leon if it would not. The resonance at 6\(\,\text {GeV}\) turned out to be nothing else than a fluctuation; however, using the same experimental set-up, they found a new resonance at 9\(\,\text {GeV}\): this time a real resonance. They decided to keep the name Upsilon.
- 2.
DOppel-RIng Speicher.
- 3.
Named after the magnet of the detector.
- 4.
Stanford Positron Electron Asymmetric Rings, situated at the SLAC.
- 5.
One obvious limitation of this potential is that it does not allow the fragmentation of a pair of quarks. However, it successfully allowed to perform spectroscopy and describe lifetime.
- 6.
This appellation has hardly gone beyond the joke “there is no truth in the SM” while physicists were struggling at finding it.
- 7.
Named after the location of the detector.
- 8.
Named Collider Detector at Fermilab.
- 9.
One should maybe also mention an attempt of B factory that failed, B-TeV, because of termination by the U.S. government.
- 10.
French word for beauty.
- 11.
HERA Beauty.
- 12.
Named in reference to the relation of Zeus and Hera in the mythology.
- 13.
HERA-1.
- 14.
Observation conventionally means at least five sigma of significance.
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Connor, P.L.S. (2019). Discovery, Overview and Motivation of Beauty Physics. In: Inclusive b Jet Production in Proton-Proton Collisions. Springer Theses. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34383-5_5
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