Abstract
Tunnel Engineering has been modernizing to increase workplace safety and minimize the risk of collapse, mainly in the construction phase, which, statistically, has the highest number of accidents. This accidents on tunnels can be caused by different origins, depending on factors such as geology, natural disasters, poor planned or executed project and even lack of maintenance. However, in tunnel construction, two cases draw the attention of engineering due to the damage caused: effects of seismic behavior and squeezing rock. The impact of seismicity must be analyzed in a tunnel project, since it is an underground work, whose mass is directly susceptible to this action. Besides, the combination of unfavorable effects on the safety of the work with the effects of earthquakes must be verified. The impacts of squeezing should also be taken into account. Thus, rocks studies that present such behavior must be made for a better understanding of their behavior and critical deformations due to the loading imposed by the excavation. This paper discusses the lessons learned in tunnel constructions in regions where the squeezing rock phenomenon occurs and its complication in seismic zones. Therefore, a case study was carried out as a result of the accident in the Bolu tunnel, Turkey, whose results demonstrated the rupture of the twin tunnels due to an earthquake and the presence of squeezing rock.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aydan, O., Akagi, T., Kawamoto, T.: The squeezing potential of rock around tunnels: theory and prediction. Rock Mech. Rock Eng. 2, 137–163 (1993)
Barla, G.: Tunnelling under squeezing rock conditions. Tunnelling mechanics. In: Kolymbas, D. (eds.) Eurosummer-School in Tunnel Mechanics, Innsbruck, pp. 169–268. Logos Verlag, Berlin (2001)
Darlgiç, S.: Tunneling in squeezing rock, the Bolu tunnel, Anatolian Motorway, Turkey. Eng. Geol. 67, 73–96 (2002)
Fabozzi, S., Licata, V., Autuori, S., Bilotta, E., Russo, G., Silvestri, F.: Prediction of the seismic behavior of an underground railway station and a tunnel in Napoli (Italy). Undergr. Space. 2, 88–185 (2017)
Geoconsult: Bolu tunnel redesign technical report, Antolian Motorway, Gümüsova – Gerede, report no: 45.110/R/2118, KGM, Ankara (1996). 10 pp
Goel, R.K., Jethwa, J.L., Paithakan, A.G.: Tunnelling through the young Himalayas – a case history of the Maneri-Uttarkashi power tunnel. Eng. Geol. 39, 31–44 (1995)
Hoek, E., Marinos, P.: Predicting tunnel squeezing problems in weak heterogeneous rock masses. Tunn. Tunn. Int. 32, 45–51 (2000). pp. 45–51: part one; pp. 33–36: part two
Jethwa, J.L., Singh, B., Singh, B.: Estimation of ultimate rock pressure for tunnel linings under squeezing rock conditions – a new approach. In: Brown, E.T., Hudson, J.A. (eds.) Design and Performance of Underground Excavations, ISRM Symposium, Cambridge, pp. 231–238 (1984)
Kontagianni, V.A., Stiros, S.C.: Earthquakes and seismic faulting: effects on tunnels. Turkish J. Earth Sci. 12, 153–156 (2003)
Sandoval, E., Bobet, A.: Effect of frequency and flexibility ratio on the seismic response of deep tunnels. Undergr. Space 2, 125–133 (2017)
Sharma, V.M.: Prediction of closure and rock loads for tunnels in squeezing ground. Ph.D. thesis, IIT, New Delhi, India (1985)
Singh, B., Jethwa, J.L., Dube, A.K., Singh, B.: Correlation between observed support pressure and rock mass quality. Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 7, 59–74 (1992)
Singh, M., Singh, B., Choudhari, J.: Critical strain and squeezing of rock mass in tunnels. Tunn Undergr. Space Technol. 22, 343–350 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2006.06.005
Yu, H., Yuan, Y., Bobet, A.: Seismic analysis of long tunnels: a review of simplified and unified methods. Underg. Space 2, 73–87 (2017)
Acknowledgments
Department of Geotechnics, University of Brasilia (UnB), Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) and National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) for the supporting.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
de Medeiros, M.A., Lemos, M.A.C. (2020). Discussions About Tunnels Accidents Under Squeezing Rock Conditions and Seismic Behavior: Case Study on Bolu Tunnel, Turkey. In: El-Naggar, H., El-Zahaby, K., Shehata, H. (eds) Innovative Solutions for Soil Structure Interaction. GeoMEast 2019. Sustainable Civil Infrastructures. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34252-4_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34252-4_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-34251-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-34252-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)