Abstract
The Isospin Quantum Molecular Dynamics Model (IQMD) is used to analyse the properties of pions in heavy ion collisions in the range beyond 2 AGeV. We find a strong rescattering causing the pions to show a signature of rather low freeze out densities even if they are initiated at high densities. The analysis of the pion sideward flow may yield insights into the delta-nucleon interaction. The mass distribution of the final delta does not need a medium mass shift of the pole in order to be understood. The analysis of pion isospin ratios may reveal information on the neutron skin of the nucleus.
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Notes
- 1.
A palaver was an internal seminar organised only by the Greiner institute itself, which was programmed on every Monday afternoon and on each Friday afternoon. It was obligatory for all members of the institute and missing it could result in a personal convocation by Prof. Greiner. Of course these duties were supplemented by seminars each Tuesday (GSI seminar), Wednesday (Physikalisches Kolloquium) and Thursday (Kernphysikalisches Kolloquium). The reader may thus imagine the high level of seminar culture in the institute.
- 2.
This had to be typically the most recent entrant into our institute, as Greiner liked to indicate “it is an old tradition that the youngest apprentice has to go for the beer...”.
- 3.
A direct translation would be “Bottle-Uehling-something else” but this only reflects that I did not manage the correct pronounciation at that time.
- 4.
Not only scientific. I remember one day when my colleague in office offered me a chocolate. Just at this moment Horst Stöcker came in, saw us chewing, and threatened us to pillage the room, if we did not show him the source of our chocolate. When we decided to offer him some chocolates as well, Walter Greiner showed up, in search for Horst but discovering three peoples eating chocolates. Evidently he had to be invited as well but the box of my room mate got completely empty.
- 5.
However, I have to admit that in the beginning it was a little bit confusing for me to enter a world of \(\hbar =c=k_B=1=\) me \(=\) you \(=\) everything and to use the word “Bazooka” for describing heavy ion collisions and not in a militarian context.
- 6.
Joe should also have been in the institute around the time of my arrival but I honestly do not remember—perhaps I was still too much taken by my attempt to digest the book on QED of strong fields. Overall for me this part is sourced by “oral tradition”. I never met Hans Kruse and Barbara Jacak only a couple of years later. However, from some remnants in the source code I assume, that it was originally developed on Vax machines, thus it might be him who transferred it.
- 7.
However, I have to admit that—due to the incompatibility of working times of my tutor and me—the initiation happened one day at 5 p.m. on the staircase of the institute, when I was just leaving and he was just coming: “The source code is on UF36.NFM.FORT(APVUU). Have fun.” However, the lineprinter-listing of the code helped me to fight boredom in two weeks of hospitalisation and assured me some—strange—admiration from the medical staff, head physician included.
- 8.
A franconian boy from the Main, who—by neglection of that subtlety—was regarded by us as a Bavarian. Today I understand better, why he was unhappy about this.
- 9.
In principle it is still possible to run old VUU out of the IQMD code. But it is a little bit tricky to do it. To cite the Diploma thesis of Steffen Bass: “Quod licet Jovi, non licet bovi.”.
- 10.
Legend tells, that in a conference the speaker of that collaboration showed an azimuthal distribution that they did not understand and tried to claim it as fluctuation when Horst Stöcker raised up, shouting: “This is the squeeze-out, that I have predicted!”.
- 11.
This variable would today be called \(2v_2\), but that name was not invented at this time. Lacking a name for such self-suggesting quantity we called it \(P_{XYT}\), neglecting that it is impossible to pronounce such a variable in a conference talk. From this point of view it was an advantage to create lateron \(v_1\) and \(v_2\), even if \(v_1\) corresponds in a similar way to a flow variable already used before: \(v_1=\langle p_X/p_T\rangle \).
- 12.
I suffered somehow from this, since I was in pressure of finishing my thesis while he wanted to learn more and more details on IQMD. This led to the famous hide-and-seek at GSI: one day I hided myself in the darkest corner of the NIM-Pool of the Unilac, hoping to advance my thesis silently. 10 minutes later the door opened and a voice whispered “I think to have seen him here...”. 30 seconds later Steffen stood in front of me grinning: “You forgot an important thing. I have done an internship at EPOS and I have many friends nearby...”.
- 13.
I was told that his car in the US was immatriculated with the characters URQMD, but that this caused strange speculations in the non-specialised part of the population. I had similar experience in France when naming a folder containing QMD results as “My Q-Files” (mes fichiers Q).
- 14.
Only few people may know, but the first RQMD group consisted of Heinz and me. I remember many interesting discussions with him around a conference in Peniscola (Spain).
- 15.
I remember, that one day Horst Stöcker had just left for a conference, when newest RQMD calculations were finished. I made a photocopy of the print onto a slide and rushed to the tram station where I was able to catch Horst for giving him a slide (still warm from the copymachine) with literally brandnew results.
- 16.
The singular is intended! However, we had no quota reglementation for our board. But in retrospective I have to admit that it was a visionary—and wise—decision, even if in a first reaction I had been rather disappointed since I felt being absorbed by another group following another topic. Indeed, the workload would have been to heavy to build up two codes from scratch in parallel and the new project was clearly of top priority.
- 17.
In this short description I could not name all companions of our adventure. I remember close work together with Maria Berenguer-Vidal, Sven Soff, Christian Spieles, Henning Weber, Markus Bleicher and many many others. I apologize to those not mentioned as well to those who might feel to have been displayed in a wrong light.
- 18.
In relecture of this part the authors feels urged to highlight—in deep gratitude—the person behind all the students: Horst Stöcker has always been the “heart” of the project, guiding with longrange visions, having the feeling for important points and being extremely talented in motivating his students by sharing his enthusiasm.
- 19.
We have been already informed that the abbreviation “SM” for soft + momentum dependence could reveal other associations, but we keep it for some kind of tradition.
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Hartnack, C. (2020). Pions in Matter Matter. In: Kirsch, J., Schramm, S., Steinheimer-Froschauer, J., Stöcker, H. (eds) Discoveries at the Frontiers of Science. FIAS Interdisciplinary Science Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34234-0_21
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