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Intake Structures

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Abstract

An intake structure is a transition through which flow is diverted from a source, such as a river, reservoir or the ocean, into a conduit, which may be a canal or a pipe. The emphasis in the chapter is on river intake design for sediment control, and intake and sump design for pumping installations. Effective sediment exclusion utilizes the phenomena of the decreasing concentration of transported sediment from the bed towards the water surface, and the sweep of bed load inwards and away from the outer region of a bend. Structures for limiting sediment content include sediment diverters, which prevent sediment from entering the diversion, sediment ejectors, which remove relatively coarse sediment from a canal after diversion, and settling basins which allow for the removal of diverted fine sediment. Conceptual descriptions of diverters and ejectors and quantitative relationships for settling efficiency and basin sizing are provided. Extraction of water from rivers may require pumping via an intake incorporating a sump. General guidelines for the design of pump sumps and intakes are presented. These include recommendations for the geometries of the general layout and intakes to ensure desirable flow conditions, calculation of the sump volume to be provided, measures for preventing vortices, and physical model testing.

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  1. School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

    C S James

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  1. C S James
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Correspondence to C S James .

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James, C.S. (2020). Intake Structures. In: Hydraulic Structures. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34086-5_8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34086-5_8

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

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