Skip to main content

PCGAN-CHAR: Progressively Trained Classifier Generative Adversarial Networks for Classification of Noisy Handwritten Bangla Characters

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNISA,volume 11853))

Abstract

Due to the sparsity of features, noise has proven to be a great inhibitor in the classification of handwritten characters. To combat this, most techniques perform denoising of the data before classification. In this paper, we consolidate the approach by training an all-in-one model that is able to classify even noisy characters. For classification, we progressively train a classifier generative adversarial network on the characters from low to high resolution. We show that by learning the features at each resolution independently a trained model is able to accurately classify characters even in the presence of noise. We experimentally demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by classifying noisy versions of MNIST [13], handwritten Bangla Numeral, and Basic Character datasets [5, 6].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   39.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   54.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_datasets_for_machinelearning_research#Handwriting_and_character_recognition.

References

  1. Aref, W.G., Samet, H.: Decomposing a window into maximal quadtree blocks. Acta Inf. 30(5), 425–439 (1993)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. Basu, S., Ganguly, S., Mukhopadhyay, S., DiBiano, R., Karki, M., Nemani, R.R.: Deepsat: A learning framework for satellite imagery. In: Proceedings of the 23rd SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems, Bellevue, WA, USA, 3–6 November 2015

    Google Scholar 

  3. Basu, S., et al.: Learning sparse feature representations using probabilistic quadtrees and deep belief nets. Neural Process. Lett. 45(3), 855–867 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Basu, S., et al.: A theoretical analysis of deep neural networks for texture classification. In: 2016 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IJCNN 2016, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 24–29 July 2016, pp. 992–999 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Bhattacharya, U., Chaudhuri, B.B.: Handwritten numeral databases of indian scripts and multistage recognition of mixed numerals. IEEE Trans. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 31(3), 444–457 (2009)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Bhattacharya, U., Shridhar, M., Parui, S.K., Sen, P., Chaudhuri, B.: Offline recognition of handwritten bangla characters: an efficient two-stage approach. Pattern Anal. Appl. 15(4), 445–458 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. Boureau, Y.L., Cun, Y.L., et al.: Sparse feature learning for deep belief networks. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 1185–1192 (2008)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Collier, E., DiBiano, R., Mukhopadhyay, S.: CactusNets: Layer applicability as a metric for transfer learning. In: 2018 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks, IJCNN 2018, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 8–13 July 2018, pp. 1–8 (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Goodfellow, I., et al.: Generative adversarial nets. In: Ghahramani, Z., Welling, M., Cortes, C., Lawrence, N.D., Weinberger, K.Q. (eds.) Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems 27, pp. 2672–2680. Curran Associates, Inc. (2014). http://papers.nips.cc/paper/5423-generative-adversarial-nets.pdf

  10. Hariharan, B., Arbeláez, P., Girshick, R., Malik, J.: Hypercolumns for object segmentation and fine-grained localization. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 447–456 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Hariharan, B., Girshick, R.: Low-shot visual recognition by shrinking and hallucinating features. In: Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 3018–3027 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Huang, K., Aviyente, S.: Sparse representation for signal classification. NIPS 19, 609–616 (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Karki, M., Liu, Q., DiBiano, R., Basu, S., Mukhopadhyay, S.: Pixel-level reconstruction and classification for noisy handwritten bangla characters. In: 16th International Conference on Frontiers in Handwriting Recognition, ICFHR 2018, Niagara Falls, NY, USA, 5–8 August 2018, pp. 511–516 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICFHR-2018.2018.00095

  14. Karras, T., Aila, T., Laine, S., Lehtinen, J.: Progressive growing of GANs for improved quality, stability, and variation. CoRR abs/1710.10196 (2017). http://arxiv.org/abs/1710.10196

  15. Krizhevsky, A., Sutskever, I., Hinton, G.E.: ImageNet classification with deep convolutional neural networks. In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 1097–1105 (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  16. LeCun, Y., et al.: Backpropagation applied to handwritten zip code recognition. Neural Comput. 1(4), 541–551 (1989)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. LeCun, Y., Bottou, L., Bengio, Y., Haffner, P.: Gradient-based learning applied to document recognition. Proc. IEEE 86(11), 2278–2324 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Markas, T., Reif, J.: Quad tree structures for image compression applications. Inf. Process. Manage. 28(6), 707–721 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Nguyen, A., Yosinski, J., Clune, J.: Deep neural networks are easily fooled: High confidence predictions for unrecognizable images. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 427–436 (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Odena, A., Olah, C., Shlens, J.: Conditional image synthesis with auxiliary classifier GANs. In: Proceedings of the 34th International Conference on Machine Learning, vol. 70, pp. 2642–2651. JMLR. org (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Pathak, D., Krahenbuhl, P., Donahue, J., Darrell, T., Efros, A.A.: Context encoders: feature learning by inpainting. In: Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, pp. 2536–2544 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Su, J., Vargas, D.V., Sakurai, K.: One pixel attack for fooling deep neural networks. In: Arxiv (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Yosinski, J., Clune, J., Bengio, Y., Lipson, H.: How transferable are features in deep neural networks? In: Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems, pp. 3320–3328 (2014)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Qun Liu .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Liu, Q., Collier, E., Mukhopadhyay, S. (2019). PCGAN-CHAR: Progressively Trained Classifier Generative Adversarial Networks for Classification of Noisy Handwritten Bangla Characters. In: Jatowt, A., Maeda, A., Syn, S. (eds) Digital Libraries at the Crossroads of Digital Information for the Future. ICADL 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11853. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34058-2_1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-34058-2_1

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-34057-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-34058-2

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics