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Physics and Chemistry of the Arctic Atmosphere pp 1–51Cite as

Dynamical Processes in the Arctic Atmosphere

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Part of the book series: Springer Polar Sciences ((SPPS))

Abstract

The scales of dynamical processes in the Arctic atmosphere range from turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) via interactive mesoscale processes, such as orographic flows and Polar lows, to synoptic-scale cyclones, and further to hemispherical-scale circulations characterized by the Polar front jet stream and planetary waves. Specific boundary conditions for tropospheric dynamics in the Arctic include (a) sea ice and snow, which strongly affect the surface energy budget, (b) large transports of heat and moisture from lower-latitudes, and (c) the wintertime stratospheric Polar vortex, which has a large impact on tropospheric large-scale circulation and synoptic-scale cyclones. Knowledge on dynamics of the Arctic atmosphere is advancing but, compared to mid- and low-latitudes, still limited due to lack of process-level observations from the Arctic. The dynamics of the Arctic atmosphere poses a challenge for numerical weather prediction (NWP) and climate models, in particular in the case of ABL, orographic flows, Polar lows, and troposphere-stratosphere coupling. More research is also needed to better understand how the atmospheric dynamics affects and is affected by climate warming.

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Acknowledgements

The work on Chap. 1 has been supported by the Academy of Finland (contracts 286298 and 317999) and by the German Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft; DFG) (Transregional Collaborative Research Center “ArctiC Amplification: Climate Relevant Atmospheric and SurfaCeProcesses, and Feedback Mechanisms (AC)3” (TRR 172, project no. 268020496)). This work was supported by the US National Science Foundation (Grant #ARC-1023592, ARC-1107509, and PLR-1304684).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway

    Marius O. Jonassen

  2. Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

    Marius O. Jonassen

  3. Geophysical Institute, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway

    Thomas Spengler & Annick Tepstra

  4. Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany

    Dmitry Chechin & Christof Lüpkes

  5. A.M. Obukhov Institute of Atmospheric Physics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

    Dmitry Chechin

  6. Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland

    Alexey Karpechko & Timo Vihma

  7. University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA

    Xiangdong Zhang

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    Claudio Tomasi

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Jonassen, M.O. et al. (2020). Dynamical Processes in the Arctic Atmosphere. In: Kokhanovsky, A., Tomasi, C. (eds) Physics and Chemistry of the Arctic Atmosphere. Springer Polar Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33566-3_1

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