Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in
Book cover

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery pp 23–28Cite as

Guidelines for Guidelines

  • Chapter
  • First Online:

Abstract

Clinical guidelines are documents sanctioned by national boards, specialist organizations, or government stakeholders to assist clinicians with medical decision-making on various aspects of healthcare. They are developed by specialists, patients, and other experts through a systematic review of the relevant literature. This peer-review process should be performed in a manner that minimizes bias while providing full transparency on recommendations. They should be written in a way that is possible for both clinicians and patients to understand and interpret.

The resulting evidence-informed recommendations can be used to address a variety of clinical questions, including guidance on the assessment, investigation, and management of specific clinical conditions, and in setting quality standards. Recommendations for areas of future research may also be made.

This chapter outlines the key principles that should be followed while developing guidelines and assesses the impact of guidelines developed by the ERAS® Society.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Hardcover Book
USD   139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Woolf SH, Grol R, Hutchinson A, Eccles M, Grimshaw J. Potential benefits, limitations, and harms of clinical guidelines. BMJ. 1999;318:527–30.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. AGREE Collaboration. Development and validation of an international appraisal instrument for assessing the quality of clinical practice guidelines: the AGREE project. Qual Saf Health Care. 2003;12:18–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Harris WR. Guidelines for writing guidelines. Can Med Assoc J. 1994;151:507.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Burgers JS, Grol R, Klazinga NS, Makela M, Zaat J, AGREE Collaboration. Towards evidence-based clinical practice: an international survey of 18 clinical guideline programs. Int J Qual Health Care. 2003;15:31–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. The guidelines manual: process and methods guides no. 6. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE); 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Developing NICE guidelines: the manual. London: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence; 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  7. SIGN 50: a guideline developer’s handbook. Edinburgh: Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN); 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  8. WHO handbook for guideline development. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Atkins D, Best D, Briss PA, Eccles M, Falck-Ytter Y, Flottorp S, et al. Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2004;328:1490–4.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Armstrong MJ, Mullins CD, Gronseth GS, Gagliardi AR. Impact of patient involvement on clinical practice guideline development: a parallel group study. Implement Sci. 2018;13:55.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Lo B, Field MJ, editors. Conflict of interest in medical research, education, and practice. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2009.

    Google Scholar 

  12. Huang X, Lin J, Demner-Fushman D. Evaluation of PICO as a knowledge representation for clinical questions. AMIA Annu Symp Proc. 2006;2006:359–63.

    PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  13. Richardson WS, Wilson MC, Nishikawa J, Hayward RS. The well-built clinical question: a key to evidence-based decisions. ACP J Club. 1995;123:A12–3.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Sackett DL, Rosenberg WM, Gray JA, Haynes RB, Richardson WS. Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn’t. BMJ. 1996;312:71–2.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, PRISMA Group. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. Ann Intern Med. 2009;151:264–9, W64.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Dobler CC, Harb N, Maguire CA, Armour CL, Coleman C, Murad MH. Treatment burden should be included in clinical practice guidelines. BMJ. 2018;363:k4065.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Guyatt G, Vist G, Falck-Ytter Y, Kunz R, Magrini N, Schunemann H. An emerging consensus on grading recommendations? ACP J Club. 2006;144:A8–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Alonso-Coello P, et al. GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations. BMJ. 2008;336:924–6.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Jaeschke R, Guyatt GH, Dellinger P, Schunemann H, Levy MM, Kunz R, et al. Use of GRADE grid to reach decisions on clinical practice guidelines when consensus is elusive. BMJ. 2008;337:a744.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Helmer O. Analysis of the future: the Delphi method. Santa Monica: The RAND Corporation; 1967.

    Google Scholar 

  21. Brouwers MC, Kho ME, Browman GP, Burgers JS, Cluzeau F, Feder G, et al. AGREE II: advancing guideline development, reporting and evaluation in health care. CMAJ. 2010;182:E839–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Fearon KC, Ljungqvist O, Von Meyenfeldt M, Revhaug A, Dejong CH, Lassen K, et al. Enhanced recovery after surgery: a consensus review of clinical care for patients undergoing colonic resection. Clin Nutr. 2005;24:466–77.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Gustafsson UO, Hausel J, Thorell A, Ljungqvist O, Soop M, Nygren J, et al. Adherence to the enhanced recovery after surgery protocol and outcomes after colorectal cancer surgery. Arch Surg. 2011;146:571–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. ERAS Compliance Group. The impact of enhanced recovery protocol compliance on elective colorectal cancer resection: results from an international registry. Ann Surg. 2015;261:1153–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Ripolles-Melchor J, Ramirez-Rodriguez JM, Casans-Frances R, Aldecoa C, Abad-Motos A, Logrono-Egea M, et al. Association between use of enhanced recovery after surgery protocol and postoperative complications in colorectal surgery: the postoperative outcomes within enhanced recovery after surgery protocol (POWER) study. JAMA Surg. 2019;154:725-36.

    Google Scholar 

  26. Gustafsson UO, Oppelstrup H, Thorell A, Nygren J, Ljungqvist O. Adherence to the ERAS protocol is associated with 5-year survival after colorectal cancer surgery: a retrospective cohort study. World J Surg. 2016;40:1741–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Simpson JC, Moonesinghe SR, Grocott MP, Kuper M, McMeeking A, Oliver CM, et al. Enhanced recovery from surgery in the UK: an audit of the enhanced recovery partnership programme 2009–2012. Br J Anaesth. 2015;115:560–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Gillissen F, Hoff C, Maessen JM, Winkens B, Teeuwen JH, von Meyenfeldt MF, et al. Structured synchronous implementation of an enhanced recovery program in elective colonic surgery in 33 hospitals in The Netherlands. World J Surg. 2013;37:1082–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Lassen K, Soop M, Nygren J, Cox PB, Hendry PO, Spies C, et al. Consensus review of optimal perioperative care in colorectal surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Group recommendations. Arch Surg. 2009;144:961–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Lassen K, Coolsen MM, Slim K, Carli F, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE, Schafer M, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care for pancreaticoduodenectomy: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(R)) Society recommendations. Clin Nutr. 2012;31:817–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Lassen K, Coolsen MM, Slim K, Carli F, de Aguilar-Nascimento JE, Schafer M, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care for pancreaticoduodenectomy: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(R)) Society recommendations. World J Surg. 2013;37:240–58.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Schwenk W, Demartines N, Roulin D, Francis N, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colonic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(R)) Society recommendations. Clin Nutr. 2012;31:783–800.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Schwenk W, Demartines N, Roulin D, Francis N, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colonic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS((R))) Society recommendations. World J Surg. 2013;37:259–84.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Nygren J, Thacker J, Carli F, Fearon KC, Norderval S, Lobo DN, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective rectal/pelvic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(R)) Society recommendations. Clin Nutr. 2012;31:801–16.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. Nygren J, Thacker J, Carli F, Fearon KC, Norderval S, Lobo DN, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective rectal/pelvic surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS((R))) Society recommendations. World J Surg. 2013;37:285–305.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Cerantola Y, Valerio M, Persson B, Jichlinski P, Ljungqvist O, Hubner M, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS((R))) society recommendations. Clin Nutr. 2013;32:879–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Mortensen K, Nilsson M, Slim K, Schafer M, Mariette C, Braga M, et al. Consensus guidelines for enhanced recovery after gastrectomy: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(R)) Society recommendations. Br J Surg. 2014;101:1209–29.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  38. Scott MJ, Baldini G, Fearon KC, Feldheiser A, Feldman LS, Gan TJ, et al. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for gastrointestinal surgery, part 1: pathophysiological considerations. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2015;59:1212–31.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  39. Feldheiser A, Aziz O, Baldini G, Cox BP, Fearon KC, Feldman LS, et al. Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) for gastrointestinal surgery, part 2: consensus statement for anaesthesia practice. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2016;60:289–334.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Nelson G, Altman AD, Nick A, Meyer LA, Ramirez PT, Achtari C, et al. Guidelines for pre- and intra-operative care in gynecologic/oncology surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(R)) Society recommendations–part I. Gynecol Oncol. 2016;140:313–22.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  41. Nelson G, Altman AD, Nick A, Meyer LA, Ramirez PT, Achtari C, et al. Guidelines for postoperative care in gynecologic/oncology surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(R)) Society recommendations–Part II. Gynecol Oncol. 2016;140:323–32.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Thorell A, MacCormick AD, Awad S, Reynolds N, Roulin D, Demartines N, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in bariatric surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society recommendations. World J Surg. 2016;40:2065–83.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Melloul E, Hubner M, Scott M, Snowden C, Prentis J, Dejong CH, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care for liver surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society recommendations. World J Surg. 2016;40:2425–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  44. Temple-Oberle C, Shea-Budgell MA, Tan M, Semple JL, Schrag C, Barreto M, et al. Consensus review of optimal perioperative care in breast reconstruction: Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) Society recommendations. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2017;139:1056e–71e.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Elias KM, Stone AB, McGinigle K, Tankou JI, Scott MJ, Fawcett WJ, et al. The Reporting on ERAS Compliance, Outcomes, and Elements Research (RECOvER) checklist: a joint statement by the ERAS((R)) and ERAS((R)) USA societies. World J Surg. 2019;43:1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Low DE, Allum W, De Manzoni G, Ferri L, Immanuel A, Kuppusamy M, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in esophagectomy: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS((R))) Society recommendations. World J Surg. 2019;43:299–330.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Batchelor TJP, Rasburn NJ, Abdelnour-Berchtold E, Brunelli A, Cerfolio RJ, Gonzalez M, et al. Guidelines for enhanced recovery after lung surgery: recommendations of the Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS(R)) Society and the European Society of Thoracic Surgeons (ESTS). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2019;55:91–115.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  48. Gustafsson UO, Scott MJ, Hubner M, Nygren J, Demartines N, Francis N, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in elective colorectal surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS((R))) Society recommendations: 2018. World J Surg. 2019;43:659–95.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Nelson G, Bakkum-Gamez J, Kalogera E, Glaser G, Altman A, Meyer LA, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in gynecologic/oncology: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Society recommendations-2019 update. Int J Gynecol Cancer. 2019;29:651-68.

    Google Scholar 

  50. Engelman DT, Ben Ali W, Williams JB, Perrault LP, Reddy VS, Arora RC, et al. Guidelines for perioperative care in cardiac surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Society recommendations. JAMA Surg. 2019;154:755–66.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  51. Wijk L, Udumyan R, Pache B, Altman AD, Williams LL, Elias KM, et al. International validation of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Society guidelines on enhanced recovery for gynecologic surgery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2019;221:237.e1-237.e11.

    Google Scholar 

  52. Wainwright TW, Gill M, McDonald DA, Middleton RG, Reed M, Sahota O, Yates P, Ljungqvist O. Consensus statement for perioperative care in total hip replacement and total knee replacement surgery: Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS®) Society recommendations. Acta Orthop. 2020;91(1):3–19.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, Nottinghamshire, UK

    Prita Daliya

  2. Department of Surgery, Örebro University Hospital Department of Surgery, Örebro, Sweden

    Olle Ljungqvist

  3. Department of Surgery, Alberta Children’s Hospital, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada

    Mary E. Brindle

  4. Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nottingham Digestive Diseases Centre, National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Nottingham University Hospitals and University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, & MRC Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queen’s Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK

    Dileep N. Lobo

Authors
  1. Prita Daliya
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Olle Ljungqvist
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Mary E. Brindle
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Dileep N. Lobo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Dileep N. Lobo .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Örebro University Hospital, Örebro, Sweden

    Olle Ljungqvist

  2. Yeovil District Hospital NHS Foundation Trust Higher Kingston, Yeovil, Somerset, UK

    Nader K. Francis

  3. Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women’s, Hospital Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Richard D. Urman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Daliya, P., Ljungqvist, O., Brindle, M.E., Lobo, D.N. (2020). Guidelines for Guidelines. In: Ljungqvist, O., Francis, N., Urman, R. (eds) Enhanced Recovery After Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33443-7_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33443-7_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-33442-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-33443-7

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation