Abstract
The acronym BIM has been linked to several interpretations in the different phases of its maturity considering the tools, the processes, the method, etc. To comprehend the challenges in BIM implementation it is crucial to understand the context and the limitations that nowadays are shaping the boundaries of its development. On the one hand, this chapter describes some of the technological challenges in BIM application starting from the concept of object-oriented programming. It presents, among the others, a critical discussion about the time and cost integration in BIM (4D and 5D) and the use of open languages (such as IFC). On the other hand, the chapter explores the context of BIM application studying national and international standards and legislations, providing a map of the existing standards and their relations. Finally, a discussion about the evolution introduces by the ISO 19650 is proposed including a novel interpretation of the passage from LOD to LOIN.
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Notes
- 1.
The standard ISO 29481 in its part 3—that was supposed to define the rules for IFC’s MDV—has not been published yet. This is another emblematic case concerning the fact that it is not IFC to have problems, but the inactivity in completing its instruments for its effective and efficient use.
- 2.
With regard to the difference between graphic, documental, multimedia models and records see UNI11337-1:2017.
- 3.
CEN TC442 WG2N231:2019.
- 4.
Figure 5.27 shows how the outsourcing of the roles as Designer and Site Manager never placed them in the common actions and thoughts outside of the P.A.’s scope, as instead it has always resulted evident toward the building sector and its outsourcing. Consultant designer, enterprise third party merely interested in the profit.
- 5.
Even relating to activities of very different nature: to devise an asset from scratch or its transformation on the one hand (inventiveness), to organize and control its correct construction on the other hand (management), tariff conformation (Law no. 143/49)—that penalized with an increase of expenditure the client that wanted to separate the two activities (+25%)—in actual fact blocked the choices towards the solution of the sole continuous more convenient assignment (project + Site Manager).
- 6.
One example for all: I do not pay an adequate survey and relevant evidence but then I give the fault to the designer and the enterprise for the obvious “unforeseen event” that could have been envisaged. Of course it is not a true unforeseen event, we all know that, but it is not so only if you budgeted it, and you make me do the survey and necessary tests, before the project. And who is supposed to solve everything, in everybody’s interests, with works that cannot be stopped? The Site Manager that also used to be the Designer ….
- 7.
In order to obtain the utmost synergy, Designer, Site Manager and Builder must collaborate with each other starting from the very devising of the project and not on the basis of a temporal succession. During the entire period of development (capex), up to the delivery of the asset to the manager for the execution phase (opex).
- 8.
From the Anglo-Saxon “Project” and not “Design”.
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Daniotti, B., Pavan, A., Lupica Spagnolo, S., Caffi, V., Pasini, D., Mirarchi, C. (2020). Benefits and Challenges in Implementing BIM in Design. In: BIM-Based Collaborative Building Process Management. Springer Tracts in Civil Engineering . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32889-4_5
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