Skip to main content

Methodological Choices and Challenges

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Maternal Sentencing and the Rights of the Child

Part of the book series: Palgrave Socio-Legal Studies ((PSLS))

  • 318 Accesses

Abstract

In this chapter, I explain the methodological approaches which underpinned the research and discuss the research design and the challenges it raised. I used multiple data strands and the data collection from three groups: children whose mother was in prison, adults who were looking after children whilst their mother was in prison, and Crown Court judges was influenced by Article 12 of the UNCRC 1989. I explore the ethics of engaging directly with children in research and the issues around access and power dynamics as well as the challenges of reflexivity and researcher bias . The chapter concludes with biographies of the research participants.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Notes

  1. 1.

    Although questionnaires were administered to children, it became clear after data collection that they provided insufficient data to include in the analysis. See Appendix A for more information.

References

  • Table of Charters and Conventions

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989

    Google Scholar 

  • Berger, R. (2015). Now I See, Now I Don’t: Researcher’s Position and Reflexivity in Qualitative Research. Qualitative Research, 15(2), 219–234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Berry, J. (2002). Validity and Reliability Issues in Elite Interviewing. PS: Political Science and Politics, Online, 35(4).

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradbury-Jones, C. (2007). Enhancing Rigor in Qualitative Health Research: Exploring Subjectivity Through Pushkin’s. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 59, 290–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bryman, A. (2006). Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Research: How Is It Done? Qualitative Research, 6, 97–113.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cresswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. (2011). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. Los Angeles and London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cunningham, A., & Baker, L. (2003). Waiting for Mommy: Giving a Voice to the Hidden Victims of Imprisonment. Ottawa: National Crime Prevention Centre.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cutcliffe, J. (2003). Reconsidering Reflexivity: Introducing the Case for Intellectual Entrepreneurship. Qualitative Health Research, 13, 136–148.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fielding, N. (2012). Triangulation and Mixed Methods Designs: Data Integration with New Research Technologies. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 6, 124–136.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fielding, N., & Fielding, J. (1986). Linking Data: The Articulation of Qualitative and Quantitative Methods in Social Research. London: Sage.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Figley, C. R. (Ed.). (1995). Compassion Fatigue: Secondary Traumatic Stress Disorders from Treating the Traumatized. New York: Brunner/Mazel.

    Google Scholar 

  • Flynn, C. (2012). Caring for the Children of Imprisoned Mothers: Exploring the Role of Fathers. Child Abuse Review, 21, 285–298.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Green, J., Benjamin, L., & Goodyear, L. (2001). The Merits of Mixing Methods in Evaluation. Evaluation, 7(1), 25–44.

    Google Scholar 

  • Greene, J. C., Caracelli, V. J., & Graham, W. F. (1989). Towards a Conceptual Framework for Mixed Methods Evaluation Designs. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 11, 255–274.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Guillemin, M., & Gillam, L. (2004). Ethics, Reflexivity and Ethically Important Moments in Research. Qualitative Inquiry, 10(2), 261–280.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hernandez, H. (2006). The Invisible Victims: Children of Incarcerated Mothers. PSU McNair Scholars Online Journal, 2(1), Article 22. Available at http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1092&context=mcnair, Accessed July 26, 2019.

  • Hissel, S., Bijleveld, C., & Kruttschnitt, C. (2011). The Well-Being of Children of Incarcerated Mothers: An Exploratory Study for the Netherlands. European Journal of Criminology, 8(5), 346–360.

    Google Scholar 

  • Howard League. (2011). Voice of a Child. London: The Howard League for Penal Reform.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaremba, U., & Mak, E. (2014, May). Interviewing Judges in the Transnational Context. Law and Method. Available at http://www.bjutijdschriften.nl/tijdschrift/lawandmethod/2014/05/RENM-D-13-00002, Accessed July 21, 2019.

  • Kacen, L., & Chaitin, J. (2006). The Times are a Changing: Understanding Qualitative Research in Ambiguous, Conflictual and Changing Contexts. Qualitative Report, 11, 209–222.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lietz, C. A., Langer, C. L., & Furman, R. (2006). Establishing Trustworthiness in Qualitative Research in Social Work: Implications from a Study Regarding Spirituality. Qualitative Social Work, 5, 441–458.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lotze, G. M., Ravindran, N., & Myers, B. J. (2010). Moral Emotions, Emotion Self-Regulation, Callous-Unemotional Traits, and Problem Behaviour in Children of Incarcerated Mothers. Child and Family Studies, 19, 702–713.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lundy, L. (2007). ‘Voice’ is not Enough: Conceptualising Article 12 of the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. British Educational Research Journal, 33(6), 927–942.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mahon, A., Glendinning, C., Clarke, K., & Craig, G. (1996). Researching Children: Methods and Ethics. Children and Society, 10, 145–154.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mertens, D. (2004). Research and Evaluation Methods in Special Education. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, S. (2000). Researching Children: Issues Arising from a Phenomenological Study with Children Who Have Diabetes Mellitus. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 31(5), 1228–1234.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Miller, J., & Glassner, B. (2011). The “Inside” and the “Outside”: Finding Realities in Interviews. In D. Silverman (Ed.), Qualitative Research (3rd ed.). London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mikecz, R. (2012). Interviewing Elites: Addressing Methodological Issues. Qualitative Inquiry, 18(6), 482–493.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Minson, S. (2013). Mitigating Motherhood: A Study of the Sentencing of Mothers in England and Wales. London: Howard League for Penal Reform.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mishna, F., Antle, B. J., & Regehr, C. (2004). Tapping the Perspectives of Children: Emerging Ethical Issues in Qualitative Research. Qualitative Social Work, 3(4), 449–468.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murray, J., & Farrington, D. (2008). Effects of Parental Imprisonment on Children. In M. Tonry (Ed.), Crime and Justice: A Review of Research (vol. 37) (pp. 133–206). Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Padgett, D. K. (2008). Qualitative Methods in Social Work Research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parkes, A. (2015). Children and International Human Rights Law: The Right of the Child to Be Heard. Abingdon: Routledge.

    Google Scholar 

  • Phelan, S. K., & Kinsella, E. A. (2013). Picture This … Safety, Dignity and Voice—Ethical Research with Children: Practical Considerations for the Reflexive Researcher. Qualitative Inquiry, 19(2), 81–90.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pillow, W. S. (2003). Confession, Catharsis, or Cure? Rethinking the Uses of Reflexivity as Methodological Power in Qualitative Research. International Journal of Qualitative Studies in Education, 16, 175–196.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Poehlmann, J. (2005). Children’s Family Environments and Intellectual Outcomes During Maternal Incarceration. Journal of Marriage and Family, 67(5), 1275–1285.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Punch, S. (2002). Research with Children: The Same or Different from Research with Adults. Childhood, 9, 321–334.

    Google Scholar 

  • Raikes, B., & Lockwood, K. (2011). Mothering from the Inside—A Small Scale Evaluation of Acorn House, an Overnight Child Contact Facility at HMP Askham Grange. Prison Service Journal, 194, 19–26.

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards, L. (2009). Handling Qualitative Data. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silverman, D. (2010). Doing Qualitative Research. London: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stronach, I., Garratt, D., & Pearce, C. (2007). Reflexivity, the Picturing of Selves, the Forging of Method. Qualitative Inquiry, 13, 179–203.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tashakkori, A., & Cresswell, J. W. (2007). Editorial: The New Era of Mixed Methods. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1, 3–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Teddlie, C., & Tashakkori, A. (2009). Foundation of Mixed Methods Research: Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches in the Social and Behavioural Sciences. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child. (2009). General Comment No.12 on the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Geneva: United Nations.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, C. C., & Redwood-Jones, Y. A. (2001). Photovoice Ethics: Perspectives from Flint Photovoice. Health Education and Behaviour, 28, 560–572.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warin, J. (2011). Ethical Mindfulness and Reflexivity: Managing a Research Relationship with Children and Young People in a 14 Year Qualitative Longitudinal Research (QLR) Study. Qualitative Inquiry, 17, 805–814.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Shona Minson .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 The Author(s)

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Minson, S. (2020). Methodological Choices and Challenges. In: Maternal Sentencing and the Rights of the Child. Palgrave Socio-Legal Studies. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32738-5_3

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32738-5_3

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-32737-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-32738-5

  • eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics