Abstract
Tracing the origins of the documentary from its birth as a non-fiction film medium in 1895 to its use by the Government of Canada as an influential promotional tool to stimulate immigration, the documentary film is examined closely in these early years to explore its evolution as an instrument of social change. With particular focus on the Canadian experience, this chapter chronologically details its first use by a Manitoba farmer in 1897 and how his modest “home movies” inspired government agencies and corporate entities to establish production divisions serving as models for other countries to follow.
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Notes
- 1.
All three versions of La Sortie des Usines Lumière à Lyon can be found on YouTube: https://youtu.be/DEQeIRLxaM4.
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Filmography
Arrival of CPR Express at Winnipeg, Director, James S. Freer. No Production Company, 1897.
Arrivée d’un train en gare de La Ciotat, La, Directors, Auguste Lumière and Louis Lumière. Lumière and Company, 1896.
Canadian Contingent at the Jubilee, Director, James S. Freer. No Production Company, 1898.
Changing Guards at St. James Palace, Director, James S. Freer. No Production Company, 1898.
Churchill’s Island, Director, Stuart Legg. National Film Board of Canada, 1941.
Drifters, Director, John Grierson. Empire Marketing Board. 1929.
Farm Boys’ Camp, Regina, Director, Unknown. Saskatchewan Bureau of Publications, 1924.
Farmers of the Prairies, Director, None Assigned. Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau. 1940.
Germany: Key to Europe, Director, Nicholas Balla, National Film Board of Canada, 1953.
Heritage, Director, J. Booth Scott. Canadian Government Motion Picture Bureau. 1939.
Hog Raising in Saskatchewan, Director, Unknown. Saskatchewan Bureau of Publications, 1924.
Moana, Director, Robert Flaherty. Famous Players-Lasky Corporation, 1926.
Nanook of the North, Director, Robert Flaherty. Les Frères Revillon, 1922.
Newfoundland Project (aka The Fogo Film Project), Director, Colin Low. National Film Board of Canada, 1967–1968.
Saskatchewan’s War on the Grasshopper, Director, Unknown. Saskatchewan Bureau of Publications, 1924.
Sortie des Usines Lumière à Lyon, La, Directors, Auguste Lumière and Louis Lumière. Lumière and Company, 1895. All Three Versions of La Sortie des Usines Lumière à Lyon Are Contained in This Video Link: https://youtu.be/DEQeIRLxaM4.
Ten Years in Manitoba, Director, James S. Freer. No Production Company, 1897.
Plow that Broke the Plains, The, Director, Pare Lorentz. Resettlement Administration, 1936.
Romance of the Far Fur Country, The, Director, H.M. Wyckoff. The Hudson’s Bay Company, 1920.
War for Men’s Minds, The, Director, Stuart Legg. National Film Board of Canada, 1943.
Walking Troubles of Organic Hemiplegy, Director, Gheorghe Marinescu. No Production Company, 1898.
Working Mothers, Director, Kathleen Shannon. National Film Board of Canada, 1974–1975.
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Terry, M. (2020). Farming the Tools of Persuasion. In: The Geo-Doc. Palgrave Studies in Media and Environmental Communication. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32508-4_2
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