Abstract
This chapter makes a novel attempt to examine food insecurity in India and its variations across space and different social and religious groups. It further intends to examine the impact of weather shock on food insecurity in India and also identify the socio-economic factors that affect the same. The results of analysis based on the second round of India Human Development Survey, 2011–12 reveals large variations in the extent of household level food insecurity across India and also its various socio-religious groups. The binary logistic regression results show that weather shocks have a positive impact on the probability of a household to be food insecure. Moreover, size of households, dependency ratio, poverty and urban residence make a household more likely to be food insecure. On the other hand, per capita income, female adult education, remittances and cultivation as the main occupation reduce the probability of food insecurity.
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- 1.
This Expert Group was constituted in June, 2012 by the Planning Commission under the Chairmanship of Dr. C. Rangarajan to suggest a methodology for measurement of poverty in India. It has re-computed the average requirements of calories, fats and proteins on the basis of the 2010 Indian Council of Medical Research norms (Government of India 2014).
- 2.
This is because there is a direct relationship between the two. Odds ratios greater than 1 and less than 1 imply positive and negative coefficients respectively. Therefore, our analysis is carried out in terms of odds ratio as it is easier to interpret the impact of the explanatory variables in terms of odds ratio.
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Appendices
Appendix 1
See Table 5.
Appendix 2
Estimation of National and State-specific Food Insecurity Lines
The report of the Expert Group (Rangarajan) to the Planning Commission (Government of India 2014) has outlined the normative requirements of expenditures on food comprising calories, proteins and fats. This recommended expenditures (per capita per month) amount on calories, proteins and fats are used as the benchmark for measuring food insecurity in this study. Thus, the national food insecurity lines have been defined as the monthly per capita food expenditure (calorie + protein + fat) of Rs. 554 in rural areas and Rs 656 in urban areas. These national food insecurity lines are then adjusted as follows to estimate state specific food insecurity lines (separately for rural and urban areas) so as to capture spatial variations in the price level.
The ratio of price index of a state to the national average is worked out as follows. Suppose, the price index of Assam is PA and that of India is PI. The poverty line of Assam (PLA) can be thought of as the national poverty line (PLI) adjusted by the ratio of price index of Assam to price index of India. Thus,
Thus the ratios of state-specific poverty lines to the national poverty line give the price ratios for different states. From Eq. 3 it is seen that multiplication of the national poverty line by the state specific price ratio yields the state specific poverty lines. The same way, state-specific food insecurity line is calculated by multiplying the national food insecurity line by the respective state specific price ratio, where the price ratio is obtained by dividing the state specific poverty line by the national poverty line, as shown by Eq. 4.
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Mandal, R., Sarma, M. (2020). Impact of Weather Shock on Food Insecurity: A Study on India. In: Roy, N., Roychoudhury, S., Nautiyal, S., Agarwal, S., Baksi, S. (eds) Socio-economic and Eco-biological Dimensions in Resource use and Conservation. Environmental Science and Engineering(). Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32463-6_17
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