Abstract
Boolean networks offer an elegant way to model the behaviour of complex systems with positive and negative feedback. The long-term behaviour of a Boolean network is characterised by its attractors. Depending on various logical parameters, a Boolean network can exhibit vastly different types of behaviour. Hence, the structure and quality of attractors can undergo a significant change known in systems theory as attractor bifurcation. In this paper, we establish formally the notion of attractor bifurcation for Boolean networks. We propose a semi-symbolic approach to attractor bifurcation analysis based on a parallel algorithm. We use machine-learning techniques to construct a compact, human-readable, representation of the bifurcation analysis results. We demonstrate the method on a set of highly parametrised Boolean networks.
D. Šafránek—This work has been supported by the Czech Science Foundation grant No. 18-00178S.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abou-Jaoudé, W., Ouattara, D.A., Kaufman, M.: From structure to dynamics: frequency tuning in the P53-MDM2 network: I logical approach. J. Theor. Biol. 258(4), 561–577 (2009)
Abou-Jaoudé, W., et al.: Logical modeling and dynamical analysis of cellular networks. Front. Genet. 7, 94 (2016)
Adiga, A., Galyean, H., Kuhlman, C.J., Levet, M., Mortveit, H.S., Wu, S.: Network structure and activity in Boolean networks. In: Kari, J. (ed.) AUTOMATA 2015. LNCS, vol. 9099, pp. 210–223. Springer, Heidelberg (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-47221-7_16
Akutsu, T., Hayashida, M., Tamura, T.: Integer programming-based methods for attractor detection and control of boolean networks. CDC 2009, 5610–5617 (2009)
Barnat, J., et al.: Detecting attractors in biological models with uncertain parameters. In: Feret, J., Koeppl, H. (eds.) CMSB 2017. LNCS, vol. 10545, pp. 40–56. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67471-1_3
Beneš, N., Brim, L., Demko, M., Pastva, S., Šafránek, D.: Pithya: a parallel tool for parameter synthesis of piecewise multi-affine dynamical systems. In: Majumdar, R., Kunčak, V. (eds.) CAV 2017. LNCS, vol. 10426, pp. 591–598. Springer, Cham (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63387-9_29
Bryant, R.E.: Graph-based algorithms for boolean function manipulation. Carnegie-Mellon Univ Pittsburgh PA, School of Computer Science, Technical report (2001)
Chaouiya, C., Naldi, A., Thieffry, D.: Logical modelling of gene regulatory networks with GINsim. Bacterial Molecular Networks, pp. 463–479. Springer, New York (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-61779-361-5_23
Chatain, T., Haar, S., Jezequel, L., Paulevé, L., Schwoon, S.: Characterization of reachable attractors using petri net unfoldings. In: Mendes, P., Dada, J.O., Smallbone, K. (eds.) CMSB 2014. LNCS, vol. 8859, pp. 129–142. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12982-2_10
Chatain, T., Haar, S., Paulevé, L.: Boolean networks: beyond generalized asynchronicity. In: Baetens, J.M., Kutrib, M. (eds.) Cellular Automata and Discrete Complex Systems, pp. 29–42. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92675-9_3
Choo, S.M., Cho, K.H.: An efficient algorithm for identifying primary phenotype attractors of a large-scale Boolean network. BMC Syst. Biol. 10(1), 95 (2016)
Devloo, V., Hansen, P., Labbé, M.: Identification of all steady states in large networks by logical analysis. Bull. Math. Biol. 65(6), 1025–1051 (2003)
Dubrova, E., Teslenko, M.: A sat-based algorithm for finding attractors in synchronous Boolean networks. IEEE/ACM TCBB 8(5), 1393–1399 (2011)
Friedman, S.J., Supowit, K.J.: Finding the optimal variable ordering for binary decision diagrams. In: Proceedings of the 24th ACM/IEEE Design Automation Conference, pp. 348–356. ACM (1987)
Garg, A., Di Cara, A., Xenarios, I., Mendoza, L., De Micheli, G.: Synchronous versus asynchronous modeling of gene regulatory networks. Bioinformatics 24(17), 1917–1925 (2008)
Giacobbe, M., Guet, C.C., Gupta, A., Henzinger, T.A., Paixão, T., Petrov, T.: Model checking gene regulatory networks. In: Baier, C., Tinelli, C. (eds.) TACAS 2015. LNCS, vol. 9035, pp. 469–483. Springer, Heidelberg (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46681-0_47
Guo, W., Yang, G., Wu, W., He, L., Sun, M.I.: A parallel attractor finding algorithm based on Boolean satisfiability for genetic regulatory networks. PLOS ONE 9(4), 1–10 (2014)
Harvey, I., Bossomaier, T.: Time out of joint: attractors in asynchronous random Boolean networks. In: Proceedings of the Fourth European Conference on Artificial Life (ECAL 1997), pp. 67–75. MIT Press (1997)
Klarner, H.: Contributions to the Analysis of Qualitative Models of Regulatory Networks. Ph.D. thesis, Free University of Berlin (2015)
Klarner, H., Bockmayr, A., Siebert, H.: Computing symbolic steady states of Boolean networks. In: Was, J., Sirakoulis, G.C., Bandini, S. (eds.) ACRI 2014. LNCS, vol. 8751, pp. 561–570. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-11520-7_59
Klarner, H., Bockmayr, A., Siebert, H.: Computing maximal and minimal trap spaces of Boolean networks. Nat. Comput. 14(4), 535–544 (2015)
Klemm, K., Bornholdt, S.: Stable and unstable attractors in Boolean networks. Phys. Rev. E 72(5), 055101 (2005)
Kolčák, J., Šafránek, D., Haar, S., Paulevé, L.: Parameter space abstraction and unfolding semantics of discrete regulatory networks. TCS 765, 120–144 (2019)
Kuhlman, C.J., Mortveit, H.S.: Attractor stability in nonuniform Boolean networks. Theor. Comput. Sci. 559, 20–33 (2014)
Kuznetsov, Y.A.: Elements of Applied Bifurcation Theory, vol. 112. Springer Science & Business Media, Berlin (2013)
Le Novere, N.: Quantitative and logic modelling of molecular and gene networks. Nat. Rev. Genet. 16(3), 146 (2015)
Mushthofa, M., Schockaert, S., De Cock, M.: Computing attractors of multi-valued gene regulatory networks using fuzzy answer set programming. FUZZ-IEEE 2016, 1955–1962 (2016)
Naldi, A., Thieffry, D., Chaouiya, C.: Decision diagrams for the representation and analysis of logical models of genetic networks. In: Calder, M., Gilmore, S. (eds.) CMSB 2007. LNCS, vol. 4695, pp. 233–247. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75140-3_16
Quinlan, J.R.: Induction of decision trees. Mach. Learn. 1(1), 81–106 (1986)
Rudell, R.: Dynamic variable ordering for ordered binary decision diagrams. In: ICCAD 1993, pp. 42–47. IEEE (1993)
Saadatpour, A., Albert, I., Albert, R.: Attractor analysis of asynchronous Boolean models of signal transduction networks. J. Theor. Biol. 266(4), 641–656 (2010)
Safavian, S.R., Landgrebe, D.: A survey of decision tree classifier methodology. IEEE Trans. Syst., Man, and Cybern. 21(3), 660–674 (1991)
Streck, A.: Toolkit for reverse engineering of molecular pathways via parameter identification. Ph.D. thesis, Free University of Berlin (2016)
Tamura, T., Akutsu, T.: Detecting a singleton attractor in a Boolean network utilizing sat algorithms. IEICE Trans. Fundam. Electron., Commun. Comput. Sci. E92.A(2), 493–501 (2009)
Thomas, R., d’Ari, R.: Biological Feedback. CRC Press, Boca Raton (1990)
Wang, R.S., Saadatpour, A., Albert, R.: Boolean modeling in systems biology: an overview of methodology and applications. Phys. Biol. 9(5), 055001 (2012)
Yuan, Q., Qu, H., Pang, J., Mizera, A.: Improving BDD-based attractor detection for synchronous Boolean networks. Sci. China Inf. Sci. 59(8), 212–220 (2016)
Zhang, S.Q., Hayashida, M., Akutsu, T., Ching, W.K., Ng, M.K.: Algorithms for finding small attractors in Boolean networks. EURASIP J. Bioinform. Syst. Biol. 2007, 4–4 (2007)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Beneš, N., Brim, L., Pastva, S., Poláček, J., Šafránek, D. (2019). Formal Analysis of Qualitative Long-Term Behaviour in Parametrised Boolean Networks. In: Ait-Ameur, Y., Qin, S. (eds) Formal Methods and Software Engineering. ICFEM 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11852. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32409-4_22
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32409-4_22
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-32408-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-32409-4
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)