Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Model-Based Assessment of Sex Differences in Glucose Effectiveness and Its Components

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
XV Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing – MEDICON 2019 (MEDICON 2019)

Part of the book series: IFMBE Proceedings ((IFMBE,volume 76))

  • 112 Accesses

Abstract

Sex differences may assume a key role in condition of impaired glucose metabolism and progression to type 2 diabetes, affecting insulin-dependent processes. However, the presence of sex differences in non-insulin-dependent processes (i.e. glucose effectiveness) has been scarcely investigated. The aim of this study was to detect the presence of sex differences in glucose effectiveness (SG), as assessed by minimal model analysis, in subjects with different degrees of glucose metabolism impairment. Two groups of subjects ranging from normal (NGR, n = 57, males/females: 31/26) to abnormal glucose regulation (AGR, n = 115, males/females 42/73) underwent a 3-h frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Minimal model analysis provided SG and its components at zero (GEZI) and at basal (BIE) insulin. Values for SG were 2.52 ± 0.98 10−2 min−1 and 2.81 ± 1.07 10−2 min−1 for males and females in the NGR group, and 2.08 ± 1.21 10−2 min−1 and 2.09 ± 0.98 10−2 min−1 for males and females in the AGR group. No statistically significant difference was found between males and females in both NGR (p = 0.29) and AGR (p = 0.94) groups. Sex differences were not detected for GEZI, which provided the major contribution to SG, either in NGR or AGR group. In conclusion, glucose effectiveness and its components seem to be not affected by sex differences in all glucose tolerance conditions.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Kautzky-Willer, A., Harreiter, J., Pacini, G.: Sex and gender differences in risk, pathophysiology and complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Endocr. Rev. 37(3), 278–316 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Tura, A., Pacini, G., Moro, E., Vrbíková, J., Bendlová, B., Kautzky-Willer, A.: Sex- and age-related differences of metabolic parameters in impaired glucose metabolism and type 2 diabetes compared to normal glucose tolerance. Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract. 146, 67–75 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Baron, A.D., Brechtel, G., Wallace, P., Edelman, S.V.: Rates and tissue sites of non-insulin- and insulin-mediated glucose uptake in humans. Am. J. Physiol. 255(6 Pt 1), E769–E774 (1988)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Morettini, M., Di Nardo, F., Fioretti, S., Pacini, G., Tura, A., Burattini, L.: No changes in glucose effectiveness in condition of reduced insulin action but preserved glucose tolerance as assessed by minimal model analysis. In: IFMBE Proceedings, vol. 65, pp. 1057–1060 (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Seufert, J.: SGLT2 inhibitors—an insulin-independent therapeutic approach for treatment of type 2 diabetes: focus on canagliflozin. Diab. Metab. Syndr. Obes. Targets Ther. 8, 543–554 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Ader, M., Pacini, G., Yang, Y.J., Bergman, R.N.: Importance of glucose per se to intravenous glucose tolerance: comparison of the minimal-model prediction with direct measurements. Diabetes 34(11), 1092–1103 (1985)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Morettini, M., Di Nardo, F., Burattini, L., Fioretti, S., Göbl, C., Kautzky-Willer, A., Pacini, G., Tura, A.: Assessment of glucose effectiveness from short IVGTT in individuals with different degrees of glucose tolerance. Acta Diabetol. 55(10), 1011–1018 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  8. Morettini, M., Castriota, C., Göbl, C., Kautzky-Willer, A., Pacini, G., Burattini, L., Tura, A.: Glucose effectiveness from short insulin-modified IVGTT and its application to the study of women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Metab. J. (in press)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Cavallo-Perin, P., Pacini, G., Cerutti, F., Bessone, A., Condo, C., Sacchetti, L., Piga, A., Pagano, G.: Insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia in homozygous β-thalassemia. Metabolism 44(3), 281–286 (1995)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Cerutti, F., Sacchetti, C., Bessone, A., Rabbone, I., Cavallo-Perin, P., Pacini, G.: Insulin secretion and hepatic insulin clearance as determinants of hyperinsulinaemia in normotolerant grossly obese adolescents. Acta Paediatr. 87(10), 1045–1050 (1998)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Kautzky-Willer, A., Pacini, G., Ludvik, B., Schernthaner, G., Prager, R.: β-cell hypersecretion and not reduced hepatic insulin extraction is the main cause of hyperinsulinemia in obese nondiabetic subjects. Metabolism 41(12), 1304–1312 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Kautzky-Willer, A., Pacini, G., Niederle, B., Schernthaner, G., Prager, R.: Insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and hepatic insulin extraction in primary hyperparathyroidism before and after surgery. Clin. Endocrinol. 37(2), 147–155 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Kautzky-Willer, A., Thomaseth, K., Clodi, M., Ludvik, B., Waldhäusl, W., Prager, R., Pacini, G.: β-cell activity and hepatic insulin extraction following dexamethasone administration in healthy subjects. Metabolism 45(4), 486–491 (1996)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Pacini, G., Tonolo, G., Sambataro, M., Maioli, M., Ciccarese, M., Brocco, E., Avogaro, A., Nosadini, R.: Insulin sensitivity and glucose effectiveness: minimal model analysis of regular and insulin–modified IVGTT. Am. J. Physiol. 274(4 Pt.1), E592–E599 (1998)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Pagano, G., Pacini, G., Musso, G., Gambino, R., Mecca, F., Depetris, N., Cassader, M., David, E., Cavallo-Perin, P., Rizzetto, M.: Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome: further evidence for an etiologic association. Hepatology 35(2), 367–372 (2002)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Piccardo, M.G., Pacini, G., Nardi, E., Rosa, M.S., De Vito, R.: Beta-cell response and insulin hepatic extraction in noncirrhotic alcoholic patients soon after withdrawal. Metabolism 43(3), 367–371 (1994)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Piccardo, M.G., Turchetti, G.F., Rosa, M.S., Pacini, G.: Elevated basal insulin secretion and normal dynamic insulin sensitivity in borderline hypertension. Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis. 9(5), 244–249 (1999)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Riedl, M., Ludvik, B., Pacini, G., Clodi, M., Kotzmann, H., Wagner, O., Kautzy-Willer, A., Prager, R., Luger, A.: The increased insulin sensitivity in growth hormone deficient adults is reduced by growth hormone replacement therapy. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 30(9), 771–778 (2000)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Pacini, G., Bergman, R.N.: MINMOD: a computer program to calculate insulin sensitivity and pancreatic responsivity from the frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 23(2), 113–122 (1986)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Kahn, S.E., Klaff, L.J., Schwartz, M.W., Beard, J.C., Bergman, R.N., Taborsky, G.J., Porte, D.: Treatment with a somatostatin analog decreases pancreatic B-cell and whole body sensitivity to glucose. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 71(4), 994–1002 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Morettini, M., Di Nardo, F., Ingrillini, L., Fioretti, S., Göbl, C., Kautzky-Willer, A., Tura, A., Pacini, G., Burattini, L.: Glucose effectiveness and its components in relation to body mass index. Eur. J. Clin. Invest. 49(6), e13099 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Tura, A., Sbrignadello, S., Succurro, E., Groop, L., Sesti, G., Pacini, G.: An empirical index of insulin sensitivity from short IVGTT: validation against the minimal model and glucose clamp indices in patients with different clinical characteristics. Diabetologia 53(1), 144–152 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Burattini, R., Morettini, M., Di Nardo, F., Boemi, M.: Dynamics of insulin action in hypertension: assessment from minimal model interpretation of intravenous glucose tolerance test data. Med. Biol. Eng. Comput. 49(7), 831–841 (2011)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Di Nardo, F., Mengoni, M., Morettini, M.: MATLAB-implemented estimation procedure for model-based assessment of hepatic insulin degradation from standard intravenous glucose tolerance test data. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 110(2), 215–225 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We would like to thank Angelo Avogaro (University of Padova, Italy), Paolo Cavallo–Perin (University of Turin, Italy), Anton Luger and Michaela Riedl (Medical University of Vienna, Austria), and Giovanni Musso (Gradenigo Hospital Turin, Italy), for granting the permission to use their data collected in previous studies.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Università Politecnica delle Marche, 60131, Ancona, Italy

    Micaela Morettini, Ludovica Ilari & Laura Burattini

  2. Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria

    Christian Göbl & Alexandra Kautzky-Willer

  3. Metabolic Unit, CNR Institute of Neuroscience, 35127, Padua, Italy

    Andrea Tura & Giovanni Pacini

Authors
  1. Micaela Morettini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Ludovica Ilari
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Christian Göbl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Alexandra Kautzky-Willer
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Andrea Tura
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Giovanni Pacini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Laura Burattini
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Laura Burattini .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Jorge Henriques

  2. Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal

    Nuno Neves

  3. University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Paulo de Carvalho

Ethics declarations

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Morettini, M. et al. (2020). Model-Based Assessment of Sex Differences in Glucose Effectiveness and Its Components. In: Henriques, J., Neves, N., de Carvalho, P. (eds) XV Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing – MEDICON 2019. MEDICON 2019. IFMBE Proceedings, vol 76. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31635-8_60

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31635-8_60

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-31634-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-31635-8

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation