Abstract
EEG has a central role in the diagnosis of epileptiform abnormalities helpful in diagnosing epilepsy. Since irregularities are random and sporadic events, easily activated in the initial phase of sleep but difficult to observe in a standard EEG examination, sleep deprivation is a frequent condition to be used. Thus, in this study the EEG monitoring of 44 subjects, 14 without epilepsy and 30 with epilepsy, afferent to the IRCCS Centro Neurolesi “Bonino Pulejo” of Messina were examined after sleep deprivation the day before performing the registration. EEGs were recorded according to the international setting system using nineteen channels. The normalized power spectral densities in delta (2–4 Hz), theta (4–8 Hz), alpha (8–13 Hz) and beta (13–30 Hz) band were computed and the non-linear parameters such as beta exponent, fractal dimension and zero crossing were considered. The differences between the sleep and awake were significant in almost all the channels in the beta band and in posterior areas for beta exponent, fractal dimension and zero crossing in normal subjects. In epileptic patients they were significant in all the channels in the delta band and for the non-linear parameters, and in several ones in theta and beta bands. Even if in posterior areas all the spectral and the non-linear parameters showed different values between epileptic and healthy subjects, no significant differences were found. The results suggest that analysis of spectral power as well as of complexity, obtained by non-linear parameters, could be used to identify differences between healthy and epileptic patients.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Klimechs, W.: EEG alpha and theta oscillations reflect cognitive and memory performance: a review and analysis. Brain Res. Rev. 29(2–3), 169–195 (2009)
da Silva, A.M., Aarts, J.H.P., Binnie, C.D., Laxminarayan, R., da Silva, F.H.L., Meijer, J.W., et al.: Circadian distribution of interictal epileptiform EEG activity. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 58, 1–13 (1984)
Gowers, W.R.S.: Epilepsy, and Other Chronic Convulsive Diseases: Their Causes, Symptoms & Treatment. J&A Churchill, London (1881)
Janz, D.: Epilepsy with grand mal on awakening and sleep-waking cycle. Clin. Neurophysiol. 111(Suppl2), S103–S110 (2000)
Foldvary-Schaefer, N., Grigg-Damberger, M.Z.: Sleep and epilepsy: what we know, don’t know, and need to know. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 23(1), 20–24 (2006)
Jain, S.V., Kothare, S.V.: Sleep and epilepsy. Semin. Pediatr. Neurol. 22(2), 86–92 (2015)
Fernandez, I.S., Champman, K., Peters, J.M., Klehm, J., Jacksno, M.C., Berg, A.T., Loddenkemper, T.: Treatment for continuous spikes and waves during sleep (CSWS): survey on treatment choices in North America. Epilepsia 55(7), 1099–1108 (2014)
Weber, A.B., Albert, D.V., Yin, H., Held, T.P., Patel, A.D.: Diagnosis of electrical status epilepticus during slow-wave sleep with 100 seconds of sleep. J. Clin. Neurophysiol. 34, 65–68 (2017)
Giorgi, S.F., Maestri, M., Guida, M., Crnicelli, L., Caciagli, L., Ferri, R., Bonuccelli, U., Bonanni, E.: Cyclic alternating pattern and interictal epileptiform discharges during morning sleep after sleep deprivation in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Behav. 73, 131–136 (2017)
Larsson, P.G., Wilson, J., Eeg-Olofsson, O.: A new method for quantification and assessment of epileptiform activity in EEG with special reference to focal nocturnal. Brain Topogr. 22, 52–59 (2009)
Larsson, P.G., Evsiukova, T., Brockmeier, F., Ramm, P., Eeg-Olofsson, O.A.: Do sleep-deprived EEG recordings reflect spike index as found in full-night EEG recordings? Epilepsy Behav. 19, 348–351 (2010)
Chavakula, V., Fernandez, I.S., Peters, J.M., Popli, G., Bosl, W., Rakhade, S., Rotenberg, A., Loddenkemper, T.: Automated quantification of spikes. Epilepsy Behav. 26, 143–152 (2013)
Garrett, D., Peterson, D.A., Anderson, C.W., Thaut, M.H.: Comparison of linear, nonlinear, and feature selection methods for EEG signal classification. IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng. 11, 141–144 (2003)
Acharya, U.R., Faust, O., Kannathal, N., Chua, T., Laxminarayan, S.: Non-linear analysis of EEG signals at various sleep stages. Comput. Methods Programs Biomed. 80, 37–45 (2005)
Borbély, A.A., Baulnann, F., Brandeis, D., Strauch, I., Lehmann, D.: Sleep deprivation: effect on sleep stages and EEG power density in man. Electroencephalogr. Clin. Neurophysiol. 51, 483–493 (1981)
Dijk, D.J., Brunner, D.P., Beersma, D.G.M., Borbély, A.A.: EEG power density and slow wave sleep as a function of prior waking and circadian phase. Sleep 13, 430–440 (1990)
Accardo, A., Affinito, M., Carrozzi, M., Bouquet, F.: Use of the fractal dimension for the analysis of electroencephalographic time series. Biol. Cybern. 77, 339–350 (1997)
Ferri, R., Elia, M., Masumeci, S.A., Stam, C.J.: Non linear EEG analysis in children with epilepsy and electrical status epilepticus during slow-wave sleep (ESES). Clin. Neurophysiol. 112, 2274–2280 (2001)
Engel Jr., J.: International league against epilepsy (ILAE). A proposed diagnostic scheme for people with epileptic seizures and with epilepsy: report of the ILAE task force on classification and terminology. Epilepsia 42, 796–803 (2003)
Bassingthwaighte, J.B., Liebovitch, L.S., West, B.J.: Fractal Physiology. Oxford University Press, New York (1994)
Higuchi, T.: Approach to an irregular time series on the basis of the fractal theory. Physica D 31, 277–283 (1988)
Kedem, B.: Spectral analysis and discrimination by zero-crossings. Proc. IEEE 74, 1477–1493 (1986)
Acknowledgements
Work partially supported by the Master in Clinical Engineering, University of Trieste.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Ethics declarations
The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Marino, S. et al. (2020). Linear and Non-linear Analysis of EEG During Sleep Deprivation in Subjects with and Without Epilepsy. In: Henriques, J., Neves, N., de Carvalho, P. (eds) XV Mediterranean Conference on Medical and Biological Engineering and Computing – MEDICON 2019. MEDICON 2019. IFMBE Proceedings, vol 76. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31635-8_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31635-8_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-31634-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-31635-8
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)