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Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

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Oncology in the Precision Medicine Era

Abstract

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents approximately 15% of breast cancers and is characterized by the lack of expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER-2). The annual incidence of TNBC is estimated to be approximately 40,000, with 20,000 diagnosed with metastatic disease in the USA (Plasilova et al. Medicine 95:e4614, 2016). The current standard-of-care treatment for TNBC remains to be cytotoxic chemotherapy, and the only FDA-approved targeted therapy is olaparib for the treatment of BRCA-associated TNBCs (Robson et al. OlympiAD: phase III trial of olaparib monotherapy versus chemotherapy for patients (pts) with HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer (mBC) and a germline BRCA mutation (gBRCAm). American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2017). Despite aggressive upfront chemotherapy, a high percentage of patients still face increased risk of early metastasis and death from TNBC (Anders and Carey. Clin Breast Cancer 9:S73–S81, 2009). In the metastatic setting following first-line treatment, median overall survival is 6–13 months, and medial progression-free survival (PFS) is 3–4 months (Kassam et al. Clin Breast Cancer 9:29–33, 2009; Lin et al. Cancer 118:5463–5472, 2012). There is no standard chemotherapy to treat patients with refractory or relapsed disease.

In this chapter, we will discuss the molecular mechanisms of chemotherapy resistance and potential targeted therapy options.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Hematology and Oncology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA

    Ritika Vankina

  2. Department of Medical Oncology and Experimental Therapeutics, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA

    Yuan Yuan

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  1. Ritika Vankina
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  1. Department of Medical Oncology & Therapeutics Research, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA

    Ravi Salgia

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Vankina, R., Yuan, Y. (2020). Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. In: Salgia, R. (eds) Oncology in the Precision Medicine Era. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31471-2_13

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