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Thawing Permafrost pp 433–463Cite as

Methane

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Abstract

Methane is the most widely known greenhouse gas emitted from permafrost areas. The major sources are: wetland ecosystem emission, emission from thawed old carbon from permafrost, and deeper sources, including intra-permafrost and below-permafrost free gas reservoirs and gas hydrates. The hydrate source occurs mainly at the base of the permafrost at depths below ~200 m and is unlikely to be disturbed by permafrost warming on a time scale of centuries. However, shallower hydrates have been reported from boreholes. Free gas reservoirs are also known from taliks. Permafrost acts as a ‘lid’ on deeper methane sources, but with permafrost warming this lid will be increasingly leaky, in particular in areas of thin continuous and discontinuous permafrost that show rapid warming. One of these areas is Northwestern Siberia, from which a new phenomenon has been reported: explosive crater formation with emission of CH4. The chapter concludes with a perspective on CH4 emission in comparison with other greenhouse gases. CO2 dominates emission from thawing permafrost. However, CH4 emission from shallow intrapermafrost gas reservoirs is poorly quantified, and ecosystem CH4 emission can react fast on changes in the Arctic climate system, such as sea ice decline. Next, N2O may become an increasingly important greenhouse gas, related to increasing erosion phenomena.

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  1. Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    J. van Huissteden

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van Huissteden, J. (2020). Methane. In: Thawing Permafrost. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31379-1_7

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