This introductory chapter briefly surveys the leading scholarly literature on Marx’s treatment of justice, legality, and rights from the time of Marx’s death until the present. The chapter outlines the dominant interpretation of Marx as a thinker who was unambiguously opposed to justice, legality, and rights and explains the ways in which Revisiting Marx’s Critique of Liberalism subjects this widespread interpretation to critical scrutiny through textual and argumentative evidence. The broader goal of the introduction is to acquaint readers with the book’s central theses and to offer a concise summary of the individual chapters.