Skip to main content

Virtual Machine Execution for Wearables Based on WebAssembly

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:

Part of the book series: EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing ((EAISICC))

Abstract

Today, the programming of a complete wearable sensor system requires writing code in different programming languages for the different parts of the systems, such as the wearable sensor platform itself, the gateway, the back-end server, and the client app. In this paper, we propose to use WebAssembly, which is a simple but powerful virtual machine standard already supported by all major web browsers. We show that it is possible to implement a WebAssembly interpreter for embedded systems, such as the Texas Instruments CC2652R system-on-chip and this enables the same code to execute in all parts of the systems. In our proof-of-concept implementation, we use Bluetooth low energy, which means that smartphones can communicate with and program our device without the need for special hardware.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.

Buying options

Chapter
USD   29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD   169.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD   219.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Learn about institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Aslam, F., Fennell, L., Schindelhauer, C., Thiemann, P., Ernst, G., Haussmann, E., Rührup, S., Uzmi, Z.A.: Optimized Java binary and virtual machine for tiny motes. In: The 6th IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems, DCOSS ’10. IEEE, Piscataway (2008) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13651-1_2

  2. Baccelli, E., Doerr, J., Kikuchi, S., Padilla, F., Schleiser, K., Thomas, I.: Scripting over-the-air: towards containers on low-end devices in the Internet of things. In: The IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications, PerCom ’18, Athens (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Brouwers, N., Langendoen, K., Corke, P.: Darjeeling, a feature-rich VM for the resource poor. In: The 7th ACM Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, SenSys ’09, Berkeley (2009). https://doi.org/10.1145/1644038.1644056

  4. Duktape: http://duktape.org/

  5. Dunkels, A., Finne, N., Eriksson, J., Voigt, T.: Run-time dynamic linking for reprogramming wireless sensor networks. In: The 4th International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, SenSys ’06. ACM, Boulder (2006). https://doi.org/10.1145/1182807.1182810

  6. Haas, A., Rossberg, A., Schuff, D., Titzer, B., Gohman, D., Wagner, L., Zakai, A., Bastien, J., Holman, M.: Bringing the web up to speed with WebAssembly. In: The 38th ACM SIGPLAN Conference on Programming Language Design and Implementation, PLDI ’17. Barcelona, Spain (2017). https://doi.org/10.1145/3140587.3062363

  7. Martin, J.: GitHub – Kanaka/wac: WebAssembly interpreter in C. https://github.com/kanaka/wac

  8. Mongoose OS: Reduce IoT firmware development time up to 90%. https://mongoose-os.com/

  9. Pur3 Ltd: Espruino – JavaScript for microcontrollers. https://www.espruino.com/

  10. Richardson, C., Rymer, J.R.: Vendor landscape: the fractured, fertile terrain of low-code application platforms. Forrester Research Report, 15 Jan 2016

    Google Scholar 

  11. Shelby, Z., Hartke, K., Bormann, C.: Constrained application protocol (CoAP). IETF RFC 7252 (2014). https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc7252

  12. Watt, C.: Mechanising and verifying the WebAssembly specification. In: The ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Certified Programs and Proofs, CPP ’18, Los Angeles (2018). https://doi.org/10.1145/3167082

  13. WebAssembly: http://webassembly.org/

  14. World Famous Electronics Ilc.: Pulsesensor, https://pulsesensor.com/

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Martin Jacobsson .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Jacobsson, M., Willén, J. (2020). Virtual Machine Execution for Wearables Based on WebAssembly. In: Sugimoto, C., Farhadi, H., Hämäläinen, M. (eds) 13th EAI International Conference on Body Area Networks . BODYNETS 2018. EAI/Springer Innovations in Communication and Computing. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29897-5_33

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29897-5_33

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-29896-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-29897-5

  • eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics