Skip to main content

Cultivated Offspring

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Beta maritima

Abstract

Sea beet was first harvested wild for leaves to be eaten as a vegetable and potherb. Once domestication had begun, root and hypocotyl were slowly enlarged through selection and used after cooking. Fodder and sugar beet appeared, respectively, around 1000 and 200 years ago in Central Europe. Sugar beet had become one of the more important crops and, consequently, was more studied and selected than the rest of the beet types. Some of the progresses obtained in breeding sugar beet (monogermy, male sterility, and some resistances) has been utilized for other types. Whether the interest shown today for the green fuels will develop it into another crop is yet to be determined.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Achard FC (1907) Anleitung zum Anbau der zur Zuckerfabrication anwendbaren Runkelrüben und zur vortheilhaften Gewinnung des Zuckers aus denselben. Reprinted in: Ostwald’s Klassiker der exacten Wissenschaft. Engelmann, Lipsia, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Arnaud J-F, Cuguen J, Fénart S (2011) Metapopulation structure and fine-scaled genetic structuring in crop-wild hybrid weed beets. Heredity 107:395–404

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Artschwager E (1926) Anatomy of the vegetative organs of sugar beet. J Agr Res 33:143–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Artschwager E (1930) A study of the structure of sugar beets in relation to sugar content and type. J Agr Res 40:867–915

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bandlow G (1955) Die Genetik der Beta vulgaris-Rüben. Züchter 25:104–122

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baranski R, Grzebelus D, Frese L (2001) Estimation of genetic diversity in a collection of the Garden Beet Group. Euphytica 122:19–29

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bauhin J (1561) Historia plantarum universalis nova et absolutissima. Ebroduni

    Google Scholar 

  • Becker-Dillingen J (1928) Die Wurzelfrüchte (Rüben). In: Parey P (ed) Handbuch des Hackfruchtbaues und Handelapflanzbaues. Berlin, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Biancardi E, McGrath JM, Panella LW, Lewellen RT, Stevanato P (2010) Sugar beet. In: Bradshaw JE (ed) Root and tuber crops. Springer Science + Business Media, LLC, New York, NY, USA, pp 173–219

    Google Scholar 

  • Biancardi E (1999) Miglioramento genetico. In: Casarini B, Biancardi E, Ranalli P (eds) La Barbabietola da Zucchero in Ambiente Mediterraneo. Edagricole, Bologna, Italy, pp 45–57

    Google Scholar 

  • Biancardi E (2005) Brief history of sugar beet cultivation. In: Biancardi E, Campbell LG, Skaracis GN, de Biaggi M (eds) Genetics and breeding of sugar beet. Science Publishers Inc, Enfield (NH), USA, pp 3–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Biancardi E, Pavarin G (1993) La barbabietola per impieghi energetici. L’Informatore Agrario 5:87–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Bosemark NO (1979) Genetic poverty of the sugar beet in Europe. In: Zeven AC (ed) Proceeding of the conference on broadening genet. Base of Crops. Pudoc, Wageningen, The Netherlands, pp 29–35

    Google Scholar 

  • Boudry P, Mörchen M, Saumitou-Laprade P, Vernet P, van Dijk H (1993) The origin and evolution of weed beets: consequences for the breeding and release of herbicide resistant transgenic sugar beets. Theor Appl Genet 87:471–478

    Google Scholar 

  • Bowen E, Kennedy CK, Miranda K (2010) Ethanol from sugar beet. A process and economic analysis. Report Worchester Polytechnic Institute, NE USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Cassman KG, Liska AJ (2007) Food and fuel for all: realistic or foolish? Biofuels Bioprod Bioref 1:18–23

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Coe GE, Stewart D (1977) Cytoplasmic male sterility, self fertility, and monogermness in Beta maritima L. J ASSBT 19:257–261

    Google Scholar 

  • Colbach N, Chauvel B, Darmency H, Tricault Y (2011) Sensitivity of weed emergence and dynamics to life-traits of annual spring-emerging weeds in contrasting cropping systems, using weed beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris) as an example. J Agric Sci 149:679–700

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Coons GH (1936) Improvement of the sugar beet. 1936 yearbook of agriculture. USDA, Washington, DC, pp 625–656

    Google Scholar 

  • Darmency H, Vigouroux Y, Gestat de Garambé T, Richard- Molard M, Muchembled C (2007) Transgene escape in sugar beet production fields: data from six years farm scale monitoring. Environ Biosafety Res 6:197–206

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Darmency H, Klein EK, Gestat de Garanbé T, Gouyon P-H, Molard MR, Muchembled C (2009) Pollen dispersal in sugar beet production fields. Theor Appl Genet 118:1083–1092

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Desplanque B, Hautekeete N, van Dijk H (2002) Transgenic weed beets: possible, probable, avoidable? J Appl Ecol 39:561–571

    Google Scholar 

  • de Lobel M (1576) Plantarum seu stirpium historia… etc. Anterwep, Belgium

    Google Scholar 

  • de Vilmorin JL (1923) L’ Hérédité de la betterave cultivée. Gauthier-Villars, Paris, France

    Google Scholar 

  • Eagen KA, Goldman IL (1996) Assessment of RAPD marker frequencies over cycles of recurrent selection for pigment concentration and percent solids in red beet (Beta vulgaris L.). Mol Breed 2:107–115

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • ENVEG (2003) Horticulture Research International http://www.hri.ac.uk/ENVEG, 25 Aug 2010. Wellesbourne, Warwick, UK

  • Fischer HE (1989) Origin of the ‘Weisse Schlesische Rübe’ (white Silesian beet) and resynthesis of sugar beet. Euphytica 41:75–80

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Francis SA (2006) Development of sugar beet. In: Draycott AP (ed) Sugar beet. Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford, UK, pp 9–29

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Frandsen KJ (1958) Breeding of forage beet. In: Romer R, Rudorf W (eds) Handbuch der Pflanzenzüchtung. Paul Parey, Berlin, Germany, pp 284–311

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerard P, Poggi G (1636) The herbal, or general history of plants. London, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldman IL, Austin D (2000) Linkage among the R, Y and BI loci in table beet. Theor Appl Genet 100:337–343

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Goldman IL, Navazio JP (2008) Table Beet. In: Prohens J, Nuez F (eds) Vegetables I Asteraceae, Brassicaceae, Chenopodicaceae, and Cucurbitaceae. Springer, New York, pp 219–238

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Goodshall MA (2011) Sugar and other sweeteners. In: Kent JA (ed) Kent and Riegel’s handbook of industrial chemistry and biotechnology, Part 2. Springer, pp 1657–1653

    Google Scholar 

  • Heinisch O (1960) Zur Terminologie in der Zuckerrübenzüchtung. Tagungsberichte, Deutsche Akademie der Landwirtschaftswissenschaften zu Berlin 48:71–74

    Google Scholar 

  • Henreitte’s (2011) Henriette’s herbal homepage. http://www.henriettesherbal.com/. Accessed 25 Sept 2011

  • Henry C (2010) Fodder beet. In: Bradshow JE (ed) Root and tuber crops. Springer, NY, USA, pp 221–243

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Jaggard KW, Qi A, Ober ES (2010) Possible change to arable crop yields by 2050. Phil Trans R Soc B 365:2835–2851

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Jaggard KW, Werker AR (1999) An evaluation of the potential benefits and costs of autumn-sown sugar beets in NW Europe. J Agric Sci 132:91–102

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Jøersbo M (2007) Sugar beet. In: Pua EC, Davey MR (eds) Transgenic crops, vol 4. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, pp 355–379

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Jung C, Pillen K, Frese L, Fähr S, Melchinger AE (1993) Phylogenetic relationships between cultivated and wild species of the genus Beta revealed by DNA “fingerprinting”. Theor Appl Genet 86:449–457

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Krasochkin VT (1936) New facts in beet-root breeding. Bull Appl Bot (Leningrad) 19:27

    Google Scholar 

  • Krasochkin VT (1960) Beet. Gos. Izdat. S.H. Lit, Moskva-Leningrad

    Google Scholar 

  • Landová M, Hamouzová K, Soukup J, Jursík M, Holec J, Squire GR (2010) Population density and soil seed bank of weed beet as influenced by crop sequence and soil tillage. Plant Soil Environ 56:541–549

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Le Couter P, Burreson J (2003) Napolean’s button. Micron Geological Ltd., Vancouver, Canada

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewellen RT (1992) Use of plant introductions to improve populations and hybrids of sugarbeet. Use of plant introductions in cultivar development, Part 2. Crop Science Society of America, Madison, WI (USA), pp 117–135

    Google Scholar 

  • McFarlane JS (1971) Variety development. In: Johnson RT (ed) Advances in sugarbeet production: principles and practices. The Iowa State University Press, Ames, IA, pp 402–435

    Google Scholar 

  • McGinnis EE, Meyer MH, Smith AG (2010) Sweet and sour: a scientific and legal look at herbicide-tolerant sugar beet. Plant Celltpc

    Google Scholar 

  • McGrath JM, Derrico CA, Yu Y (1999) Genetic diversity in selected, historical US sugarbeet germplasm and Beta vulgaris ssp. maritima. Theor Appl Genet 98:968–976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McGrath JM, Saccomani M, Stevanato P, Biancardi E (2007a) Beet. In: Kole C (ed) Vegetables. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp 191–207

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • McGrath JM, Trebbi D, Fenwick A, Panella L, Schulz B, Laurent V, Barnes S, Murray SC (2007b) An open-source first-generation molecular genetic map from a sugarbeet × table beet cross and its extension to physical mapping. Crop Sci 47:27–44

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller P (1768) Gardener’s dictionary. Printed by Francis Rivington et al, London, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Panella L (2011) Sugar beet as an energy crop. Sugar Tech 12:288–293

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Panella L, Kaffka SR (2010) Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L) as a biofuel feedstock in the United States. Sustainability of the sugar and sugar? Ethanol Industries. American Chemical Society, pp 163–175

    Google Scholar 

  • Pohl-Orf M, Brand U, Driessen S, Hesse PR, Lehnen M, Morak C, Mucher T, Saeglitz C, von Soosten C, Bartsch D (1999) Overwintering of genetically modified sugar beet, Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris, as a source for dispersal of transgenic pollen. Euphytica 108:181–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reichenbach L, Reichenbach HG (1909) Icones florae Germanicae et Helveticae. Sumptibus Federici de Zezschwitz, Lipisia, Germany

    Google Scholar 

  • Richards CM, Brownson M, Mitchell SE, Kresovich S, Panella L (2004) Polymorphic microsatellite markers for inferring diversity in wild and domesticated sugar beet (Beta vulgaris). Mol Ecol Notes 4:243–245

    Google Scholar 

  • Rosso F, Meriggi P, Amaducci MT, Venturi G (2000) Winter sugar beet above the 42nd degree of latitude North. Sementi Elette 46:23–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Savitsky H (1950) A method of determining self-fertility of self sterility in sugar beet based upon the stage of ovule development shortly after flowering. Proc ASSBT 6:198–201

    Google Scholar 

  • Savitsky H (1954) Self-sterility and self- fertility in monogerm sugar beets. Proc ASSBT 8:29–33

    Google Scholar 

  • Savitsky VF (1952a) Methods and results of breeding work with monogerm beets. Proc Am Soc Sugar Beet Technol 7:344–350

    Google Scholar 

  • Savitsky VF (1952b) Monogerm sugar beets in the United States. Proc Am Soc Sugar Beet Technol 7:156–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Schrader WL, Mayberry KS (2003) Beet and Swiss chard production in California. University of California, division agriculture and natural resources. Publication 8096, pp 1–10

    Google Scholar 

  • Sester M, Delanoy M, Colbach N, Darmency H (2004) Crop and density effects on weed beet growth and reproduction. Weed Res 44:50–59

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sester M, Dürr C, Darmency H, Colbach N (2007) Modelling the effects of cropping systems on the seed bank dynamics and the emergence of weed beet. Ecol Model 204:47–58

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Simmonds NW (1976) Evolution of crop plants. Longman, London, UK

    Google Scholar 

  • Simmonds NW (1994) Yield and sugar content in sugar beet. Int Sugar J 96:413–416

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevanato P, Zavalloni C, Marchetti R, Bertaggia M, Saccomani M, McGrath JM, Panella LW, Biancardi E (2010) Relationship between subsoil nitrogen availability and sugarbeet processing quality. Agron J 102:17–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Sturtevant J (1919) Notes on edible plants. JB Lyon and Co., Albany, New York, USA

    Google Scholar 

  • Theurer JC (1993) Pre-breeding to change sugarbeet root architecture. J Sugar Beet Res 30:221–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Theurer JC, Doney DL, Smith GA, Lewellen RT, Hogaboam GJ, Bugbee WM, Gallian JJ (1987) Potential ethanol production from sugar beet and fodder beet. Crop Sci 27:1034–1040

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tricault Y, Darmency H, Colbach N (2009) Identifying key components of weed beet management using sensitivity analyses of the GeneSys-Beet model in GM sugar beet. Weed Res 49:581–591

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ulbrich E (1934) Chenopodiaceae. In: Engler A, Harms H (eds) Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, pp 375–584

    Google Scholar 

  • Vigouroux Y, Darmency H (2017) Assessing fitness parameters of hybrids between weed beets and transgenic sugar beets. Plant Breed 136:969–976

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • von Felde A (2008) Trends and developments in energy plant breeding—special features of sugarbeet. Zuckerind 133:342–345

    Google Scholar 

  • von Lippmann EO (1925) Geschichte der Rübe (Beta) als Kulturpflanze. Verlag Julius Springer, Berlin, Germany

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wolyn DJ, Gabelmann WH (1990) Selection for betalain pigment concentration and total dissolved solids in red table beets. J Am Soc Hort Sci 115:165–169

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wyse RE (1984) The sugar beet and chemistry: the sugar beet and sucrose formation. In: McGinnis RA (ed) Beet sugar technology. Beet Sugar Development Foundation, Fort Collins, CO, USA, pp 17–24

    Google Scholar 

  • Young A (2009) Finding the balance between food and biofuels. Environ Sci Pollut Res 16:117–119

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zossimovitch V (1934) Wild species of beets in Transcaucasia. VNIS2-3

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Enrico Biancardi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 This is a U.S. government work and not under copyright protection in the U.S.; foreign copyright protection may apply

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Biancardi, E. (2020). Cultivated Offspring. In: Biancardi, E., Panella, L., McGrath, J. (eds) Beta maritima. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28748-1_9

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics