Baby’s First Microbes: The Microbiome of Human Milk

Collado, M. Carmen; Gueimonde, Miguel; Ruiz, Lorena; Aparicio, Marina; Castro, Irma; Rodríguez, Juan M.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-28737-5_1

M. Carmen Collado⁴,
Miguel Gueimonde⁵,
Lorena Ruiz⁵,
Marina Aparicio⁶,
Irma Castro⁶ &
…
Juan M. Rodríguez⁶

1208 Accesses
1 Citations
6 Altmetric

Abstract

At the beginning of the twenty-first century, microbiological studies on human milk started to describe the existence of its own microbiota. Hygienically collected milk samples from healthy women contain a relatively low bacterial load consisting mostly of Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and other Gram-positive bacteria (Corynebacterium, Propionibacterium, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium). DNA from strict anaerobic bacteria is also detected in human milk samples. Colostrum and milk bacteria may play a key role in driving the development of the infant gut microbiota, the correct maturation of the infant immune system and the improvement of tolerance mechanisms. A well-balanced human milk microbiota is also relevant for maternal breast health. The origin of human milk bacteria still remains largely unknown. Infant’s oral cavity and maternal skin may contaminate milk. Additionally, selected bacteria of the maternal digestive microbiota may access the mammary glands through oral- and entero-mammary pathways by involving mononuclear cells for their transport. These pathways would provide new opportunities for manipulating maternal-fetal microbiota, reducing the risk of preterm birth or infant diseases.

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Authors and Affiliations

Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology-National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), Valencia, Spain
M. Carmen Collado
Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry of Dairy Products, Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IPLA-CSIC), Villaviciosa, Spain
Miguel Gueimonde & Lorena Ruiz
Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
Marina Aparicio, Irma Castro & Juan M. Rodríguez

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M. Carmen Collado
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Miguel Gueimonde
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Lorena Ruiz
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Marina Aparicio
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Irma Castro
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Juan M. Rodríguez
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Correspondence to Juan M. Rodríguez .

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School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
M. Andrea Azcarate-Peril
School of Dentistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
Roland R. Arnold
Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
José M. Bruno-Bárcena

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Collado, M.C., Gueimonde, M., Ruiz, L., Aparicio, M., Castro, I., Rodríguez, J.M. (2019). Baby’s First Microbes: The Microbiome of Human Milk. In: Azcarate-Peril, M., Arnold, R., Bruno-Bárcena, J. (eds) How Fermented Foods Feed a Healthy Gut Microbiota. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28737-5_1

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28737-5_1
Published: 29 November 2019
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-28736-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-28737-5
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)

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