Abstract
The possibility of developing biotechnological processes based on emitted carbon dioxide (CO2) for obtaining diverse products offers an exciting and visionary path from an ecologically destructive and resource-exhausting societal and economical model to a resource-conserving and environmentally friendly one. Microorganisms-based CO2 sequestration is best positioned to represent a prominent alternative to conventional CO2 sequestration technologies consisting of CO2 capture, CO2 separation, and CO2 storage, which present shortfalls such as energy and operational costs and the production of degradation products injurious to human health and natural ecosystems. Without neglecting the bottlenecks inherent into bio-manufacturing, it is worth highlighting that, differently from microbial CO2 sequestration, microorganisms are not restricted to be used solely as desirable carbon sinks but also as catalysts that can simultaneously capture CO2 and produce value-added chemicals. Rather than being a niche market, the CO2-based biopolymers market is expected to witness significant growth.
Herein, we highlight the usage of CO2 as carbon substrate in the synthesis of polymers or polymer building blocks through biological processes. Together with the advances reached by synthetic biology and metabolic engineering capacities, a number of microorganisms have been engaged in the construction of CO2-based cell factories. The present chapter captures the main breakthroughs in the biotransformation of CO2 into different classes of valuable intermediates towards polymer synthesis.
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- 1,3-PDO:
-
1,3-Propanediol
- 2,3-BDO:
-
2,3-Butanediol
- 3-HP:
-
3-Hydroxypropionic
- 3-HPA:
-
3-Hydroxypropionaldehyde
- 3-HV:
-
3-Hydroxyvalerate
- 4HB:
-
4-Hydroxybutyrate
- 5-AVA:
-
δ-Aminovaleric acid
- 6-ACA:
-
ε-Aminocaproic acid
- ADH:
-
Alcohol dehydrogenase
- ADMET:
-
Acyclic diene metathesis
- ATP:
-
Adenosine triphosphate
- ATRP:
-
Atom transfer radical polymerization
- C3H:
-
p-Coumarate-3-hydroxylase
- CA:
-
Carbonic anhydrase
- CAGR:
-
Compound annual growth rate
- CDW:
-
Cell dry weight
- CO:
-
Carbon monoxide
- CO2:
-
Carbon dioxide
- CP:
-
Cyanophycin
- CRISPRi:
-
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats interference
- DAHPS:
-
3-Deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase
- DHAP:
-
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate
- DHCA:
-
3,4-Dihydroxycinnamic acid
- EPS:
-
Extracellular polymeric substances
- fbr-DAHPS:
-
Feedback-inhibition-resistant 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase
- GABA:
-
γ-Aminobutyric acid
- GDP:
-
Guanosine diphosphate
- GlyDH:
-
Glycerol dehydrogenase
- H2:
-
Hydrogen
- HCO3-:
-
Hydrogen carbonate
- IPTG:
-
Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside
- KGD:
-
Ketoglutarate decarboxylase
- LDH:
-
Lactate dehydrogenases
- MCR:
-
Malonyl-CoA reductase
- MgCO3:
-
Magnesium carbonate
- MSA:
-
Malonate semialdehyde
- NADH:
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NADPH:
-
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
- NAGK:
-
N-Acetyl-l-glutamate kinase
- n-Bu4NBr-DMF:
-
Tetra-n-butylammonium bromide-dimethylformamide
- NMP:
-
Nitroxide-mediated polymerization
- Nox:
-
Nitrogen oxides
- O2:
-
Oxygen
- P(3HB-co-3HP):
-
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxypropionate) copolymer
- P(3HB-co-4HB):
-
Poly(3-hydroxubutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) copolymer
- P3HB:
-
Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate
- PAD:
-
Phenolic acid decarboxylase
- PBS:
-
Polybutylene succinate
- p-CA:
-
p-Coumaric acid
- PDC:
-
p-Hydroxycinnamic acid decarboxylase
- PEP:
-
Phosphoenolpyruvate
- PHAmcl:
-
Medium-chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates
- PHAs:
-
Polyhydroxyalkanoates
- PHAscl:
-
Short-chain length polyhydroxyalkanoates
- PHB:
-
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate)
- p-HBA:
-
p-Hydroxybenzene
- p-HS:
-
p-Hydroxystyrene
- PHV:
-
Polyhydroxyvalerate
- PLA:
-
Polylactic acid
- PTT:
-
Polytrimethylene terephthalate
- PyDC:
-
Pyruvate decarboxylase
- rAcCoA:
-
Oxygen-sensitive reductive acetyl-CoA pathway
- RAFT:
-
Reversible addition fragmentation chain-transfer polymerization
- rPP cycle:
-
Reductive pentose phosphate cycle
- rTCA:
-
Reductive tricarboxylic acid cycle
- SPPS:
-
Solid-phase peptide synthesis
- SSD:
-
Succinate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase
- THF:
-
Tetrahydrofuran
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Azim, A.A., Cordara, A., Battaglino, B., Re, A. (2020). Use of Carbon Dioxide in Polymer Synthesis. In: Inamuddin, Asiri, A., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Conversion of Carbon Dioxide into Hydrocarbons Vol. 2 Technology. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 41. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28638-5_1
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