Skip to main content

Intraoperative Endoscopy During Revisional Foregut Surgery: Who to Scope?

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Revisional Foregut Surgery

Abstract

Endoscopy plays an important role in the operative planning prior to any surgical interventions in the upper gastrointestinal tract. However, endoscopic techniques can also provide extremely useful information in the evaluation and management of postoperative upper gastrointestinal symptoms and complications following foregut surgery, including antireflux and bariatric procedures. Commonly encountered symptoms include abdominal pain, nausea, emesis, and dysphagia, while weight regain, heartburn, regurgitation, hematemesis, and melena are less common.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Guidelines for surgical treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). Society of American Gastrointestinal Endoscopic Surgeons (SAGES). Surg Endosc. 1998;12(2):186–8.

    Google Scholar 

  2. Malli CP, Sioulas AD, Emmanouil T, Dimitriadis GD, Triantafyllou K. Endoscopy after bariatric surgery. Ann Gastroenterol Q Publ Hellenic Soc Gastroenterol. 2016;29:249–57.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Palma GD, Forestieri P. Role of endoscopy in the bariatric surgery of patients. World J Gastroenterol. 2014;20:7777–84.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  4. Wetter A. Role of endoscopy after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;66:253–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Braghetto I, Korn O, Csendes A, Valladares H, Davanzo C, Debandi A. Radiologic and endoscopic characteristics of laparoscopic antireflux wrap: correlation with outcome. Int Surg. 2012;97:189–97.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  6. Sobrino-Cossío S, Soto-Pérez JC, Coss-Adame E, et al. Síntomas y complicaciones posfunduplicatura: abordaje diagnóstico y tratamiento. Rev Gastroenterol Mex. 2017;82:234–47.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Boules M, Chang J, Haskins IN, Sharma G, Froylich D, El-Hayek K, Rodriguez J, Kroh M. Endoscopic management of post-bariatric surgery complications. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2016;8:591–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  8. Souto-Rodríguez R, Alvarez-Sánchez MV. Endoluminal solutions to bariatric surgery complications: a review with a focus on technical aspects and results. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2017;9:105–26.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Morales MP, Miedema BW, Scott SJ, de la Torre RA. Management of postsurgical leaks in the bariatric patient. Gastrointest Endosc Clin N Am. 2011;21:295–304.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Puig CA, Waked TM, Baron TH, Song LM, Gutierrez J, Sarr MG. The role of endoscopic stents in the management of chronic anastomotic and staple line leaks and chronic strictures after bariatric surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2014;10:613–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Chang J, Sharma G, Boules M, Brethauer S, Rodriguez J, Kroh MD. Endoscopic stents in the management of anastomotic complications after foregut surgery: new applications and techniques. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2016;12:1373–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Nivas Puli R, Spofford IS, Thompson CC. Use of self-expandable stents in the treatment of bariatric surgery leaks: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;75:287–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Shoar S, Poliakin L, Khorgami Z, Rubenstein R, El-Matbouly M, Levin JL, Saber AA. Efficacy and safety of the over-the-scope clip (OTSC) system in the management of leak and fistula after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a systematic review. Obes Surg. 2017;27:2410–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Christophorou D, Valats J-C, Funakoshi N, et al. Endoscopic treatment of fistula after sleeve gastrectomy: results of a multicenter retrospective study. Endoscopy. 2015;47:988–96.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Weidenhagen R, Gruetzner K, Wiecken T, Spelsberg F, Jauch K-W. Endoscopic vacuum-assisted closure of anastomotic leakage following anterior resection of the rectum: a new method. Surg Endosc. 2008;22:1818–25.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. van Koperen P, van Henegouwen BM, Rosman C, Bakker C, Heres P, Slors J, Bemelman W. The Dutch multicenter experience of the Endo-Sponge treatment for anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery. Surg Endosc. 2009;23:1379–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Pournaras D, Hardwick R, Safranek P, Sujendran V, Bennett J, Macaulay G, Hindmarsh A. Endoluminal vacuum therapy (E-Vac): a treatment option in oesophagogastric surgery. World J Surg. 2018;42:2507–11.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Leeds SG, Burdick JS. Management of gastric leaks after sleeve gastrectomy with endoluminal vacuum (E-Vac) therapy. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2016;12:1278–85.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Overcash WT. Natural orifice surgery (NOS) using StomaphyX™ for repair of gastric leaks after bariatric revisions. Obes Surg. 2008;18:882–5.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  20. Cai J, Khashab M, Okolo P, Kalloo A, Kumbhari V. Full-thickness endoscopic suturing of staple-line leaks following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Endoscopy. 2014;46:E623–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Deslauriers V, Beauchamp A, Garofalo F, Atlas H, Denis R, Garneau P, Pescarus R. Endoscopic management of post-laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy stenosis. Surg Endosc. 2018;32:601–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Gonzalez R, Lin E, Venkatesh KR, Bowers SP, Smith DC. Gastrojejunostomy during laparoscopic gastric bypass: analysis of 3 techniques. Arch Surg-Chicago. 2003;138:181–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Ukleja A, Afonso BB, Pimentel R, Szomstein S, Rosenthal R. Outcome of endoscopic balloon dilation of strictures after laparoscopic gastric bypass. Surg Endosc. 2008;22:1746–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Yimcharoen P, Heneghan H, Chand B, Talarico JA, Tariq N, Kroh M, Brethauer SA. Successful management of gastrojejunal strictures after gastric bypass: is timing important? Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2012;8:151–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Shnell M, Fishman S, Eldar S, Goitein D, Santo E. Balloon dilatation for symptomatic gastric sleeve stricture. Gastrointest Endosc. 2014;79:521–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Eubanks S, Edwards CA, Fearing NM, Ramaswamy A, de la Torre RA, Thaler KJ, Miedema BW, Scott JS. Use of endoscopic stents to treat anastomotic complications after bariatric surgery. J Am Coll Surg. 2008;206:935–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Aburajab MA, Max JB, Ona MA, Gupta K, Burch M, Feiz MF, Lo SK, Jamil LH. Covered esophageal stenting is effective for symptomatic gastric lumen narrowing and related complications following laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Dig Dis Sci. 2017;62:3077–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Moon RC, Teixeira AF, Bezerra L, Alhinho H, Campos J, de Quadros L, de Amorim A, Neto M, Jawad MA. Management of bariatric complications using endoscopic stents: a multi-center study. Obes Surg. 2018;28:4034–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Zaninotto G, Costantini M, Portale G, Battaglia G, Molena D, Carta A, Costantino M, Nicoletti L, Ancona E. Etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of failures after laparoscopic Heller myotomy for achalasia. Ann Surg. 2002;235:186.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  30. Kilic A, Schuchert MJ, Pennathur A, Gilbert S, Landreneau RJ, Luketich JD. Long-term outcomes of laparoscopic Heller myotomy for achalasia. Surgery. 2009;146:826–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  31. Patti MG, Molena D, Fisichella PM, Whang K, Yamada H, Perretta S, Way LW. Laparoscopic Heller myotomy and Dor fundoplication for achalasia: analysis of successes and failures. Arch Surg-Chicago. 2001;136:870–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. van Hoeij FB, Ponds FA, Werner Y, Sternbach JM, Fockens P, Bastiaansen BA, Smout A, Pandolfino JE, Rösch T, Bredenoord AJ. Management of recurrent symptoms after per-oral endoscopic myotomy in achalasia. Gastrointest Endosc. 2018;87:95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2017.04.036.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Inoue H, Minami H, Kobayashi Y, Sato Y, Kaga M, Suzuki M, Satodate H, Odaka N, Itoh H, Kudo S. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for esophageal achalasia. Endoscopy. 2010;42:265–71.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Vigneswaran Y, Yetasook AK, Zhao J-C, Denham W, Linn JG, Ujiki MB. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM): feasible as reoperation following Heller myotomy. J Gastrointest Surg. 2014;18:1071–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Onimaru M, Inoue H, Ikeda H, Yoshida A, Santi E, Sato H, Ito H, Maselli R, Kudo S. Peroral endoscopic myotomy is a viable option for failed surgical esophagocardiomyotomy instead of redo surgical Heller myotomy: a single center prospective study. J Am Coll Surg. 2013;217:598–605.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Zhou P, Li Q, Yao L, et al. Peroral endoscopic remyotomy for failed Heller myotomy: a prospective single-center study. Endoscopy. 2013;45:161–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Orenstein SB, Raigani S, Wu YV, Pauli EM, Phillips MS, Ponsky JL, Marks JM. Peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) leads to similar results in patients with and without prior endoscopic or surgical therapy. Surg Endosc. 2015;29:1064–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Fumagalli U, Rosati R, Pascale S, Porta M, Carlani E, Pestalozza A, Repici A. Repeated surgical or endoscopic myotomy for recurrent dysphagia in patients after previous myotomy for achalasia. J Gastrointest Surg. 2016;20:494–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Ngamruengphong S, Inoue H, Ujiki MB, et al. Efficacy and safety of peroral endoscopic myotomy for treatment of achalasia after failed Heller myotomy. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2017;15:1531–1537.e3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  40. Zhang X, Modayil RJ, Friedel D, et al. Per-oral endoscopic myotomy in patients with or without prior Heller’s myotomy: comparing long-term outcomes in a large U.S. single-center cohort (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2018;87:972–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2017.10.039.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Tyberg A, Sharaiha RZ, Familiari P, et al. Peroral endoscopic myotomy as salvation technique post-Heller: international experience. Dig Endosc. 2018;30:52–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Kristensen H, Kirkegård J, Kjær D, Mortensen F, Kunda R, Bjerregaard N. Long-term outcome of peroral endoscopic myotomy for esophageal achalasia in patients with previous Heller myotomy. Surg Endosc. 2017;31:2596–601.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Werner YB, Costamagna G, Swanström LL, von Renteln D, Familiari P, Arata A, Noder T, Schachschal G, Kersten JF, Rösch T. Clinical response to peroral endoscopic myotomy in patients with idiopathic achalasia at a minimum follow-up of 2 years. Gut. 2015;65:gutjnl-2014-308649.

    Google Scholar 

  44. Kumbhari V, Khashab MA. Peroral endoscopic myotomy. World J Gastrointest Endosc. 2015;7:496–509.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  45. von Renteln D, Inoue H, Minami H, et al. Peroral endoscopic myotomy for the treatment of achalasia: a prospective single center study. Am J Gastroenterol. 2012;107:411.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  46. Sjöström L, Lindroos A-K, Peltonen M, et al. Lifestyle, diabetes, and cardiovascular risk factors 10 years after bariatric surgery. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:2683–93.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. (2018) ASMBS. Estimate of bariatric surgery numbers, 2011–2017 [Internet]. June 2018. https://asmbs.org/resources/estimate-of-bariatric-surgery-numbers.

  48. Duvoisin C, Favre L, Allemann P, Fournier P, Demartines N, Suter M. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: ten-year results in a cohort of 658 patients. Ann Surg. 2018;268:1019.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Kothari SN, Borgert AJ, Kallies KJ, Baker MT, Grover BT. Long-term (>10-year) outcomes after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2017;13:972–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Obeid NR, Malick W, Concors SJ, Fielding GA, Kurian MS, Ren-Fielding CJ. Long-term outcomes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: 10- to 13-year data. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2016;12:11–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Christou NV. Weight gain after short- and long-limb gastric bypass in patients followed for longer than 10 years. Ann Surg. 2007;246:164.

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Mehaffey HJ, LaPar DJ, Clement KC, Turrentine FE, Miller MS, Hallowell PT, Schirmer BD. 10-year outcomes after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Ann Surg. 2016;264:121.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Mahawar KK, Nimeri A, Adamo M, Borg C-M, Singhal R, Khan O, Small PK. Practices concerning revisional bariatric surgery: a survey of 460 surgeons. Obes Surg. 2018;28:2650–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Yimcharoen P, Heneghan HM, Singh M, Brethauer S, Schauer P, Rogula T, Kroh M, Chand B. Endoscopic findings and outcomes of revisional procedures for patients with weight recidivism after gastric bypass. Surg Endosc. 2011;25:3345–52.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Heneghan HM, Yimcharoen P, Brethauer SA, Kroh M, Chand B. Influence of pouch and stoma size on weight loss after gastric bypass. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2012;8:408–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Dayyeh BK, Lautz DB, Thompson CC. Gastrojejunal stoma diameter predicts weight regain after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2011;9:228–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Karmali S, Brar B, Shi X, Sharma AM, de Gara C, Birch DW. Weight recidivism post-bariatric surgery: a systematic review. Obes Surg. 2013;23:1922–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Spaulding L. Treatment of dilated gastrojejunostomy with sclerotherapy. Obes Surg. 2003;13:254–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Dayyeh BK, Jirapinyo P, Weitzner Z, Barker C, Flicker MS, Lautz DB, Thompson CC. Endoscopic sclerotherapy for the treatment of weight regain after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: outcomes, complications, and predictors of response in 575 procedures. Gastrointest Endosc. 2012;76:275–82.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  60. Giurgius M, Fearing N, Weir A, Micheas L, Ramaswamy A. Long-term follow-up evaluation of endoscopic sclerotherapy for dilated gastrojejunostomy after gastric bypass. Surg Endosc. 2014;28:1454–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Catalano MF, Rudic G, Anderson AJ, Chua TY. Weight gain after bariatric surgery as a result of a large gastric stoma: endotherapy with sodium morrhuate may prevent the need for surgical revision. Gastrointest Endosc. 2007;66:240–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Borao F, Gorcey S, Capuano A. Prospective single-site case series utilizing an endolumenal tissue anchoring system for revision of post-RYGB stomal and pouch dilatation. Surg Endosc. 2010;24:2308–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Ryou M, Mullady DK, Lautz DB, Thompson CC. Pilot study evaluating technical feasibility and early outcomes of second-generation endosurgical platform for treatment of weight regain after gastric bypass surgery. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2009;5:450–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Horgan S, Jacobsen G, Weiss DG, et al. Incisionless revision of post-Roux-en-Y bypass stomal and pouch dilation: multicenter registry results. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2010;6:290–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Raman SR, Holover S, Garber S. Endolumenal revision obesity surgery results in weight loss and closure of gastric-gastric fistula. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2011;7:304–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Mikami D, Needleman B, Narula V, Durant J, Melvin SW. Natural orifice surgery: initial US experience utilizing the StomaphyXTM device to reduce gastric pouches after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Endosc. 2009;24:223.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Leitman MI, Virk CS, Avgerinos DV, Patel R, Lavarias V, Surick B, Holup JL, Goodman ER, Karpeh MS. Gastric plication can reduce slippage rate after laparoscopic gastric banding. JSLS: J Soc Laparoendosc Surg. 2010;14:221–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  68. Goyal V, Holover S, Garber S. Gastric pouch reduction using StomaphyX™ in post Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients does not result in sustained weight loss: a retrospective analysis. Surg Endosc. 2013;27:3417–20.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  69. Eid GM, McCloskey CA, Eagleton JK, Lee LB, Courcoulas AP. StomaphyX vs a Sham procedure for revisional surgery to reduce regained weight in Roux-en-Y gastric bypass patients : a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Surg. 2014;149:372–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Hedberg MH, Trenk A, Kuchta K, Linn JG, Carbray J, Ujiki MB. Endoscopic gastrojejunostomy revision is more effective than medical management alone to address weight regain after RYGB. Surg Endosc. 2018;32:1564–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Thompson CC, Jacobsen GR, Schroder GL, Horgan S. Stoma size critical to 12-month outcomes in endoscopic suturing for gastric bypass repair. Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2012;8:282–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Riva P, Perretta S, Swanstrom L. Weight regain following RYGB can be effectively treated using a combination of endoscopic suturing and sclerotherapy. Surg Endosc. 2017;31:1891–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Patel LY, Lapin B, Brown CS, Stringer T, Gitelis ME, Linn JG, Denham WE, Farwell E, Haggerty S, Ujiki MB. Outcomes following 50 consecutive endoscopic gastrojejunal revisions for weight gain following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a comparison of endoscopic suturing techniques for stoma reduction. Surg Endosc. 2017;31:2667–77.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Zundel N, Neto M, de Quadros L, Campos J. Revisional endolumenal therapies for weight recidivism. In: Reavis K, Barrett A, Kroh M. The SAGES manual of bariatric surgery, 2nd ed. Springer Science + Business Media. 2017. p. 465–79.

    Google Scholar 

  75. Thompson C, Slattery J, Bundga M, Lautz D. Peroral endoscopic reduction of dilated gastrojejunal anastomosis after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a possible new option for patients with weight regain. Surg Endosc. 2006;20:1744–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Fass R, Cahn F, Scotti DJ, Gregory DA. Systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled and prospective cohort efficacy studies of endoscopic radiofrequency for treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Surg Endosc. 2017;31:4865–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  77. Noar M, Squires P, Khan S. Radiofrequency energy delivery to the lower esophageal sphincter improves gastroesophageal reflux patient-reported outcomes in failed laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication cohort. Surg Endosc. 2017;31:2854–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Khidir N, Angrisani L, Al-Qahtani J, Abayazeed S, Bashah M. Initial experience of endoscopic radiofrequency waves delivery to the lower esophageal sphincter (Stretta procedure) on symptomatic gastroesophageal reflux disease post-sleeve gastrectomy. Obes Surg. 2018;28:3125–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Mattar S, Qureshi F, Taylor D, Schauer P. Treatment of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease with radiofrequency energy (Stretta) in patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Surg Endosc. 2006;20:850–4.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Tyberg A, Choi A, Gaidhane M, Kahaleh M. Transoral Incisionless fundoplication for reflux after peroral endoscopic myotomy: a crucial addition to our arsenal. Endosc Int Open. 2018;06:E549–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  81. Stefanidis G, Viazis N, Kotsikoros N, Lala E, Theocharis L, Fassaris A, Manolakopoulos S. Long-term benefit of transoral incisionless fundoplication using the esophyx device for the management of gastroesophageal reflux disease responsive to medical therapy. Dis Esophagus. 2017;30(3):1–8.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Trad KS, Barnes WE, Prevou ER, Simoni G, Steffen JA, Shughoury AB, Raza M, Heise JA, Fox MA, Mavrelis PG. The TEMPO trial at 5 years: Transoral fundoplication (TIF 2.0) is safe, durable, and cost-effective. Surg Innov. 2018;25(2):149–57.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  83. He S, Feussner H, Nennstiel S, Bajbouj M, Hüser N, Wilhelm D. Endoluminal sphincter augmentation with the MUSE system and GERDX system in the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease: a new impact? Surg Technol Int. 2017;30:131–40.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to John R. Romanelli .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Thompson, E.M., Orthopoulos, G., Romanelli, J.R. (2020). Intraoperative Endoscopy During Revisional Foregut Surgery: Who to Scope?. In: Borao, F., Binenbaum, S., Matharoo, G. (eds) Revisional Foregut Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28273-8_11

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28273-8_11

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-28272-1

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-28273-8

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics