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Lipidomics of Adipogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells

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Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics

Part of the book series: Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine ((STEMCELL))

Abstract

Mesenchymal stem cells are defined as multipotent cells which have the ability to differentiate into various types of cell. Under the adipogenic stimuli, mesenchymal stem cells possess the ability to differentiate into adipocytes through adipogenesis processes. Adipogenesis is defined as the process of pre-adipocyte differentiation to mature adipocytes. Adipocytes are a type of cells with the ability to maintain energy balance through storage excess energy. However, several abnormal conditions including various types of disease can result from energy imbalance. Accordingly, obesity as a worldwide problem is one of the prevalent outcomes of increasing fat mass and there is a global effort to combat it. Accumulation of excess fat in adipocytes leads to adipocyte hypertrophy. Consequently, hypertrophic adipocyte can secrete several endocrine factors that induce hyperplasia (one of the major causes of obesity) and signal proliferation and differentiation of pre-adipocytes. Therefore, it has been demonstrated that adipogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells undergoes different signaling pathways with various regulatory factors, while elucidation of these controllers can help scientists to develop more effective treatments for obesity and other related diseases. Therein, lipids have been presented as pivotal mediators of cellular processes and could induce several signaling pathways. Additionally, lipids are fundamental metabolites which use as cellular biomarkers to indicate different biological states and cellular activity. Total content of lipids in cells is known as lipidome. Any slight changes in the lipidome reflect different cellular changes. Tracking and comparing these changes between different stages of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation can provide identification of essential metabolic pathways involved in adipogenesis. In this context, lipidomics has been introduced as an emerging field of stem cell and regenerative medicine. Through the large-scale analysis of lipids, lipidomics provides more efficient methods to the investigation of adipocytes, and also prediction of the prognosis of obesity and its prevention and treatment.

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Abbreviations

BAT:

Brown adipose tissue

BMI:

Body mass index

C/EBPα:

CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins

C1:

Carbon 1

C2:

Carbon 2

C3:

Carbon 3

CKI:

Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors

CoA:

Coenzyme A

Dex:

Dexamethasone

FA:

Fatty acids

GD:

Growth arrest

GL:

Glycerolipids

hMSCs:

Human mesenchymal stem cells

IBMX:

Isobutylmethylxanthine

IBMX:

Isobutyl-methylxanthine

IL6:

Interleukin 6

ISCT:

International Society for Cell Therapy

LD:

Lipid droplets

MCE:

Clonal expansion

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells

MVA:

Mevalonic acid

PG:

Prostaglandins

PPARγ:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ

PPARÏ’:

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor Ï’

PSCs:

Pluripotent stem cells

SREBP:

Sterol regulatory element binding protein

TAG:

Triacylglycerol

TG:

Triglycerides

TGF-β3:

Transforming growth factor-β3

TNFα:

Tumor necrosis factor α

WAT:

White adipose tissue

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium

    Kambiz Gilany

  2. Integrative Oncology Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, ACECR, Tehran, Iran

    Kambiz Gilany

  3. Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Moloud Payab

  4. Brain and Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Parisa Goodarzi

  5. Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Akram Tayanloo-Beik, Sepideh Alavi-Moghadam, Babak Arjmand, Tannaz Safaralizadeh & Hamid Reza Aghayan

  6. Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Maryamossadat Mousavi, Babak Arjmand, Mina Abedi & Maryam Arabi

  7. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Bagher Larijani

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  1. Kambiz Gilany
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  1. Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Babak Arjmand

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Gilany, K. et al. (2019). Lipidomics of Adipogenic Differentiation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. In: Arjmand, B. (eds) Genomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics. Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27727-7_7

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