Abstract
The interest in recognizing spatial patterns of species co-distributions has long led biogeographers and macroecologists to classify the world in biogeographic regions. In this chapter, we aimed to identify regions with distinct species pools, thus representing different biogeographic regions with co-occurring species of anurans in South America. Using quantitative and clustering methods, we recognized six anuran biogeographic regions in South America: two regions are predominantly tropical (named as AMAZON and DIAGONAL-AF); two regions are associated to the Andes mountains (named as MID-ANDES and NORTH-/SOUTH-ANDES); and two regions are broadly located south of the Tropic of Capricorn (named as SUB-TROPICAL and TEMP-GRASS). Using regression and variation partitioning analyses, the six distinct biogeographic regions are mainly predicted by differences in climatic gradients among the biogeographic regions (e.g., clusters located in the different tropical, subtropical, and temperate regions). Yet, the combination of rough topography and habitat structure of major biomes was also a good predictor for other biogeographic regions (e.g., the recognition of the different Andean biogeographic regions having different major biomes, such as montane forests and grasslands).
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Acknowledgments
The authors have been continuously supported by research grants and/or fellowships from the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP 2011/18510-0; 2013/50714-0; 2016/13949-7), Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq 2037/2014-9; 431012/2016-4; 308687/2016-17; 114613/2018-4), and University Research and Scientific Production Support Program of the Goias State University (PROBIP/UEG). Prof. Dr. Peter Löwenberg-Neto (UNILA) read critically the first version of this manuscript and provided insightful comments that improved it.
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Vasconcelos, T.S., da Silva, F.R., dos Santos, T.G., Prado, V.H.M., Provete, D.B. (2019). Biogeographic Regionalization of South American Anurans. In: Biogeographic Patterns of South American Anurans. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26296-9_6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26296-9_6
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