Abstract
Osteosarcopenia, a combination of osteoporosis and sarcopenia is characterized by a synchronic loss of bone mineral density and muscle mass, which affects an important subset of frail individuals at higher risk of institutionalization, falls and fractures. This condition has been associated with fat accumulation in bone and muscles. This fat negatively impacts cell function and structure through secretion of free fatty acids and adipokines; a phenomenon called lipotoxicity. The aim of this chapter is to summarize the role of fat infiltration in the pathogenesis of osteosarcopenia including the pathways that are affected by adipocyte-secreted factors. This chapter will also explore the current and future therapeutic implications of targeting fat infiltration and lipotoxicity in osteosarcopenia.
Keywords
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- ATG:
-
Autophagy proteins
- BM:
-
Bone Marrow
- BMC:
-
Bone mineral content
- BMD:
-
Bone mineral density
- BMP:
-
Bone morphogenetic protein
- BMSCs:
-
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell
- BNIP3:
-
BCL2/adenovirus E1B 19 kDa protein-interacting protein 3
- ERK:
-
Extracellular signal-regulated kinases
- FFA:
-
Free Fatty Acids
- HDL:
-
High-density lipoproteins
- HFD:
-
High fat diet
- HSD:
-
High sugar diet
- JNK:
-
C-Jun N-terminal kinases
- LC3:
-
Microtubule-associated protein light chain
- LDLs:
-
Low-density lipoproteins
- LPL:
-
Lipoprotein lipase
- PA:
-
Palmitic acid
- TCA:
-
Tricarboxylic Acid
- ULK:
-
UNC-51-like Kinase
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Al Saedi, A., Goodman, C.A., Myers, D.E., Hayes, A., Duque, G. (2019). Osteosarcopenia as a Lipotoxic Disease. In: Duque, G. (eds) Osteosarcopenia: Bone, Muscle and Fat Interactions. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25890-0_6
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