Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Plasmablastic Lymphoma and Primary Effusion Lymphoma

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Novel Therapeutics for Rare Lymphomas

  • 543 Accesses

Abstract

Plasmablastic lymphoma (PBL) and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL) are rare CD20-negative variants of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Both conditions were initially described in patients with underlying HIV infection, but cases of PBL and PEL have been more recently diagnosed in other immunocompromised states and in immunocompetent individuals. Given the rarity of these lymphomas, the management is challenging due to a lack of treatment guidelines. In addition, the response and survival outcomes of patients with PBL and PEL are poor with standard treatment approaches. In this chapter, we will review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic evaluation, treatment, and outcomes of patients with PBL and PEL, as well as potential novel therapeutic options.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 79.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 99.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Delecluse HJ, Anagnostopoulos I, Dallenbach F, et al. Plasmablastic lymphomas of the oral cavity: a new entity associated with the human immunodeficiency virus infection. Blood. 1997;89(4):1413–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Stein H, Harris N, Campo E. Plasmablastic lymphoma. In: Swerdlow S, et al., editors. WHO classification of tumours of the haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Lyon: IARC; 2008. p. 256–7.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Castillo JJ, Bibas M, Miranda RN. The biology and treatment of plasmablastic lymphoma. Blood. 2015;125(15):2323–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Castillo JJ, Chavez JC, Hernandez-Ilizaliturri FJ, Montes-Moreno S. CD20-negative diffuse large B-cell lymphomas: biology and emerging therapeutic options. Expert Rev Hematol. 2015;8(3):343–54.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Carbone A. AIDS-related non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas: from pathology and molecular pathogenesis to treatment. Hum Pathol. 2002;33(4):392–404.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Engels EA, Biggar RJ, Hall HI, et al. Cancer risk in people infected with human immunodeficiency virus in the United States. Int J Cancer. 2008;123(1):187–94.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Olszewski AJ, Fallah J, Castillo JJ. Human immunodeficiency virus-associated lymphomas in the antiretroviral therapy era: analysis of the National Cancer Data Base. Cancer. 2016;122(17):2689–97.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Qunaj L, Castillo JJ, Olszewski AJ. Survival of patients with CD20-negative variants of large B-cell lymphoma: an analysis of the National Cancer Data Base. Leuk Lymphoma. 2017;59:1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  9. Castillo JJ, Winer ES, Stachurski D, et al. HIV-negative plasmablastic lymphoma: not in the mouth. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2011;11(2):185–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Morscio J, Dierickx D, Nijs J, et al. Clinicopathologic comparison of plasmablastic lymphoma in HIV-positive, immunocompetent, and posttransplant patients: single-center series of 25 cases and meta-analysis of 277 reported cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2014;38(7):875–86.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Pather S, MacKinnon D, Padayachee RS. Plasmablastic lymphoma in pediatric patients: clinicopathologic study of three cases. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2013;17(1):80–4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Vaubell JI, Sing Y, Ramburan A, et al. Pediatric plasmablastic lymphoma: a clinicopathologic study. Int J Surg Pathol. 2014;22(7):607–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Liu F, Asano N, Tatematsu A, et al. Plasmablastic lymphoma of the elderly: a clinicopathological comparison with age-related Epstein-Barr virus-associated B cell lymphoproliferative disorder. Histopathology. 2012;61(6):1183–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Castillo J, Pantanowitz L, Dezube BJ. HIV-associated plasmablastic lymphoma: lessons learned from 112 published cases. Am J Hematol. 2008;83(10):804–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Castillo JJ, Winer ES, Stachurski D, et al. Clinical and pathological differences between human immunodeficiency virus-positive and human immunodeficiency virus-negative patients with plasmablastic lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2010;51(11):2047–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Liu M, Liu B, Liu B, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus-negative plasmablastic lymphoma: a comprehensive analysis of 114 cases. Oncol Rep. 2015;33(4):1615–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  17. Tchernonog E, Faurie P, Coppo P, et al. Clinical characteristics and prognostic factors of plasmablastic lymphoma patients: analysis of 135 patients from the LYSA group. Ann Oncol. 2017;28(4):843–8.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Castillo JJ, Furman M, Beltran BE, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus-associated plasmablastic lymphoma: poor prognosis in the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy. Cancer. 2012;118(21):5270–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Colomo L, Loong F, Rives S, et al. Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas with plasmablastic differentiation represent a heterogeneous group of disease entities. Am J Surg Pathol. 2004;28(6):736–47.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Liu JJ, Zhang L, Ayala E, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative plasmablastic lymphoma: a single institutional experience and literature review. Leuk Res. 2011;35(12):1571–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  21. Montes-Moreno S, Gonzalez-Medina AR, Rodriguez-Pinilla SM, et al. Aggressive large B-cell lymphoma with plasma cell differentiation: immunohistochemical characterization of plasmablastic lymphoma and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with partial plasmablastic phenotype. Haematologica. 2010;95(8):1342–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  22. Schommers P, Wyen C, Hentrich M, et al. Poor outcome of HIV-infected patients with plasmablastic lymphoma: results from the German AIDS-related lymphoma cohort study. AIDS. 2013;27(5):842–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Teruya-Feldstein J, Chiao E, Filippa DA, et al. CD20-negative large-cell lymphoma with plasmablastic features: a clinically heterogenous spectrum in both HIV-positive and -negative patients. Ann Oncol. 2004;15(11):1673–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Vega F, Chang CC, Medeiros LJ, et al. Plasmablastic lymphomas and plasmablastic plasma cell myelomas have nearly identical immunophenotypic profiles. Mod Pathol. 2005;18(6):806–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Kim JE, Kim YA, Kim WY, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus-negative plasmablastic lymphoma in Korea. Leuk Lymphoma. 2009;50(4):582–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Bogusz AM, Seegmiller AC, Garcia R, et al. Plasmablastic lymphomas with MYC/IgH rearrangement: report of three cases and review of the literature. Am J Clin Pathol. 2009;132(4):597–605.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Valera A, Balague O, Colomo L, et al. IG/MYC rearrangements are the main cytogenetic alteration in plasmablastic lymphomas. Am J Surg Pathol. 2010;34(11):1686–94.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. NCCN Guidelines Version 1.2018. AIDS-related B-cell lymphomas. AIDS-2. Available at http://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/nhl.pdf. Accessed 2 Feb 2018.

  29. Cattaneo C, Re A, Ungari M, et al. Plasmablastic lymphoma among human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients: results of a single center’s experience. Leuk Lymphoma. 2015;56(1):267–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Loghavi S, Alayed K, Aladily TN, et al. Stage, age, and EBV status impact outcomes of plasmablastic lymphoma patients: a clinicopathologic analysis of 61 patients. J Hematol Oncol. 2015;8:65.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Castillo JJ, Winer ES, Stachurski D, et al. Prognostic factors in chemotherapy-treated patients with HIV-associated plasmablastic lymphoma. Oncologist. 2010;15(3):293–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  32. Barta SK, Lee JY, Kaplan LD, Noy A, Sparano JA. Pooled analysis of AIDS malignancy consortium trials evaluating rituximab plus CHOP or infusional EPOCH chemotherapy in HIV-associated non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cancer. 2012;118(16):3977–83.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Barta SK, Xue X, Wang D, et al. Treatment factors affecting outcomes in HIV-associated non-Hodgkin lymphomas: a pooled analysis of 1546 patients. Blood. 2013;122(19):3251–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Krishnan A, Molina A, Zaia J, et al. Autologous stem cell transplantation for HIV-associated lymphoma. Blood. 2001;98(13):3857–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Re A, Cattaneo C, Michieli M, et al. High-dose therapy and autologous peripheral-blood stem-cell transplantation as salvage treatment for HIV-associated lymphoma in patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. J Clin Oncol. 2003;21(23):4423–7.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Alvarnas JC, Le Rademacher J, Wang Y, et al. Autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation for HIV-related lymphoma: results of the BMT CTN 0803/AMC 071 trial. Blood. 2016;128(8):1050–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Al-Malki MM, Castillo JJ, Sloan JM, Re A. Hematopoietic cell transplantation for plasmablastic lymphoma: a review. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2014;20(12):1877–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Cattaneo C, Finel H, McQuaker G, et al. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for plasmablastic lymphoma: the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation experience. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2015;21(6):1146–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Dunleavy K, Pittaluga S, Czuczman MS, et al. Differential efficacy of bortezomib plus chemotherapy within molecular subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2009;113(24):6069–76.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Bibas M, Grisetti S, Alba L, et al. Patient with HIV-associated plasmablastic lymphoma responding to bortezomib alone and in combination with dexamethasone, gemcitabine, oxaliplatin, cytarabine, and pegfilgrastim chemotherapy and lenalidomide alone. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(34):e704–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Bose P, Thompson C, Gandhi D, Ghabach B, Ozer H. AIDS-related plasmablastic lymphoma with dramatic, early response to bortezomib. Eur J Haematol. 2009;82(6):490–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Dasanu CA, Bauer F, Codreanu I, Padmanabhan P, Rampurwala M. Plasmablastic haemato-lymphoid neoplasm with a complex genetic signature of Burkitt lymphoma responding to bortezomib. Hematol Oncol. 2013;31(3):164–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Hirosawa M, Morimoto H, Shibuya R, Shimajiri S, Tsukada J. A striking response of plasmablastic lymphoma of the oral cavity to bortezomib: a case report. Biomark Res. 2015;3:28.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  44. Saba NS, Dang D, Saba J, et al. Bortezomib in plasmablastic lymphoma: a case report and review of the literature. Onkologie. 2013;36(5):287–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Yan M, Dong Z, Zhao F, et al. CD20-positive plasmablastic lymphoma with excellent response to bortezomib combined with rituximab. Eur J Haematol. 2014;93(1):77–80.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Castillo JJ, Reagan JL, Sikov WM, Winer ES. Bortezomib in combination with infusional dose-adjusted EPOCH for the treatment of plasmablastic lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2015;169(3):352–5.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Castillo JJ, Guerrero-Garcia T, Baldini F, et al. Bortezomib plus EPOCH is effective as frontline treatment in patients with plasmablastic lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2018;59:1730–3.

    Google Scholar 

  48. Dittus C, Grover N, Ellsworth S, Tan X, Park SI. Bortezomib in combination with dose-adjusted EPOCH (etoposide, prednisone, vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and doxorubicin) induces long-term survival in patients with plasmablastic lymphoma: a retrospective analysis. Leuk Lymphoma. 2018;59:1–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Fernandez-Alvarez R, Gonzalez-Rodriguez AP, Rubio-Castro A, et al. Bortezomib plus CHOP for the treatment of HIV-associated plasmablastic lymphoma: clinical experience in three patients. Leuk Lymphoma. 2016;57(2):463–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Halfdanarson TR, Markovic SN, Kalokhe U, Luppi M. A non-chemotherapy treatment of a primary effusion lymphoma: durable remission after intracavitary cidofovir in HIV negative PEL refractory to chemotherapy. Ann Oncol. 2006;17(12):1849–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  51. Guerrero-Garcia TA, Mogollon RJ, Castillo JJ. Bortezomib in plasmablastic lymphoma: a glimpse of hope for a hard-to-treat disease. Leuk Res. 2017;62:12–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Carras S, Regny C, Peoc’h M, et al. Dramatic efficacy of low dose lenalidomide as single agent in a patient with refractory gastric non-human immunodeficiency virus-associated plasmablastic lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2015;56(10):2986–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Schmit JM, DeLaune J, Norkin M, Grosbach A. A case of plasmablastic lymphoma achieving complete response and durable remission after lenalidomide-based therapy. Oncol Res Treat. 2017;40(1–2):46–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Sher T, Miller KC, Lee K, Chanan-Khan A. Remission induction with lenalidomide alone in a patient with previously untreated plasmablastic myeloma: a case report. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma. 2009;9(4):328–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Yanamandra U, Sahu KK, Jain N, et al. Plasmablastic lymphoma: successful management with CHOP and lenalidomide in resource constraint settings. Ann Hematol. 2016;95(10):1715–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Folk GS, Abbondanzo SL, Childers EL, Foss RD. Plasmablastic lymphoma: a clinicopathologic correlation. Ann Diagn Pathol. 2006;10(1):8–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. Holderness BM, Malhotra S, Levy NB, Danilov AV. Brentuximab vedotin demonstrates activity in a patient with plasmablastic lymphoma arising from a background of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 2013;31(12):e197–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Pretscher D, Kalisch A, Wilhelm M, Birkmann J. Refractory plasmablastic lymphoma-a review of treatment options beyond standard therapy. Ann Hematol. 2017;96(6):967–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Laurent C, Fabiani B, Do C, et al. Immune-checkpoint expression in Epstein-Barr virus positive and negative plasmablastic lymphoma: a clinical and pathological study in 82 patients. Haematologica. 2016;101(8):976–84.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  60. Ramos JC, Sparano JA, Rudek MA, et al. Safety and preliminary efficacy of vorinostat with R-EPOCH in high-risk HIV-associated non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (AMC-075). Clin Lymphoma Myeloma Leuk. 2018;18(3):180–190 e2.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  61. Hogg SJ, Newbold A, Vervoort SJ, et al. BET inhibition induces apoptosis in aggressive B-cell lymphoma via epigenetic regulation of BCL-2 family members. Mol Cancer Ther. 2016;15(9):2030–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  62. Filippakopoulos P, Qi J, Picaud S, et al. Selective inhibition of BET bromodomains. Nature. 2010;468(7327):1067–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  63. Trabucco SE, Gerstein RM, Evens AM, et al. Inhibition of bromodomain proteins for the treatment of human diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Clin Cancer Res. 2015;21(1):113–22.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  64. Hogg SJ, Vervoort SJ, Deswal S, et al. BET-bromodomain inhibitors engage the host immune system and regulate expression of the immune checkpoint ligand PD-L1. Cell Rep. 2017;18(9):2162–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  65. Bernasconi E, Gaudio E, Lejeune P, et al. Preclinical evaluation of the BET bromodomain inhibitor BAY 1238097 for the treatment of lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2017;178(6):936–48.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  66. Knowles DM, Inghirami G, Ubriaco A, Dalla-Favera R. Molecular genetic analysis of three AIDS-associated neoplasms of uncertain lineage demonstrates their B-cell derivation and the possible pathogenetic role of the Epstein-Barr virus. Blood. 1989;73(3):792–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  67. Cesarman E, Chang Y, Moore PS, Said JW, Knowles DM. Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus-like DNA sequences in AIDS-related body-cavity-based lymphomas. N Engl J Med. 1995;332(18):1186–91.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Said J, Cesarman E. Primary effusion lymphoma. In: Swerdlow S, et al., editors. WHO classification of tumours of haematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. Lyon: IARC; 2008. p. 260–1.

    Google Scholar 

  69. Nakamura Y, Tajima F, Omura H, et al. Primary effusion lymphoma of the left scrotum. Intern Med. 2003;42(4):351–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Pan ZG, Zhang QY, Lu ZB, et al. Extracavitary KSHV-associated large B-cell lymphoma: a distinct entity or a subtype of primary effusion lymphoma? Study of 9 cases and review of an additional 43 cases. Am J Surg Pathol. 2012;36(8):1129–40.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. Castillo JJ, Shum H, Lahijani M, Winer ES, Butera JN. Prognosis in primary effusion lymphoma is associated with the number of body cavities involved. Leuk Lymphoma. 2012;53(12):2378–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Bower M, Newsom-Davis T, Naresh K, et al. Clinical features and outcome in HIV-associated multicentric Castleman’s disease. J Clin Oncol. 2011;29(18):2481–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  73. Ripamonti D, Marini B, Rambaldi A, Suter F. Treatment of primary effusion lymphoma with highly active antiviral therapy in the setting of HIV infection. AIDS. 2008;22(10):1236–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Luppi M, Trovato R, Barozzi P, et al. Treatment of herpesvirus associated primary effusion lymphoma with intracavity cidofovir. Leukemia. 2005;19(3):473–6.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Staudt MR, Kanan Y, Jeong JH, et al. The tumor microenvironment controls primary effusion lymphoma growth in vivo. Cancer Res. 2004;64(14):4790–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  76. Klass CM, Krug LT, Pozharskaya VP, Offermann MK. The targeting of primary effusion lymphoma cells for apoptosis by inducing lytic replication of human herpesvirus 8 while blocking virus production. Blood. 2005;105(10):4028–34.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  77. Pereira R, Carvalho J, Patricio C, Farinha P. Sustained complete remission of primary effusion lymphoma with adjunctive ganciclovir treatment in an HIV-positive patient. BMJ Case Rep. 2014;2014:pii: bcr2014204533.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  78. Casper C, Krantz EM, Corey L, et al. Valganciclovir for suppression of human herpesvirus-8 replication: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial. J Infect Dis. 2008;198(1):23–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  79. Ozbalak M, Tokatli I, Ozdemirli M, et al. Is valganciclovir really effective in primary effusion lymphoma: case report of an HIV(−) EBV(−) HHV8(+) patient. Eur J Haematol. 2013;91(5):467–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  80. Marquet J, Velazquez-Kennedy K, Lopez S, et al. Case report of a primary effusion lymphoma successfully treated with oral valganciclovir after failing chemotherapy. Hematol Oncol. 2018;36(1):316–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Keller SA, Schattner EJ, Cesarman E. Inhibition of NF-kappaB induces apoptosis of KSHV-infected primary effusion lymphoma cells. Blood. 2000;96(7):2537–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  82. Sarosiek KA, Cavallin LE, Bhatt S, et al. Efficacy of bortezomib in a direct xenograft model of primary effusion lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010;107(29):13069–74.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  83. Boulanger E, Meignin V, Oksenhendler E. Bortezomib (PS-341) in patients with human herpesvirus 8-associated primary effusion lymphoma. Br J Haematol. 2008;141(4):559–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Gopalakrishnan R, Matta H, Tolani B, Triche T Jr, Chaudhary PM. Immunomodulatory drugs target IKZF1-IRF4-MYC axis in primary effusion lymphoma in a cereblon-dependent manner and display synergistic cytotoxicity with BRD4 inhibitors. Oncogene. 2016;35(14):1797–810.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  85. Antar A, El Hajj H, Jabbour M, et al. Primary effusion lymphoma in an elderly patient effectively treated by lenalidomide: case report and review of literature. Blood Cancer J. 2014;4:e190.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  86. Chan TSY, Mak V, Kwong YL. Complete radiologic and molecular response of HIV-negative primary effusion lymphoma with short-course lenalidomide. Ann Hematol. 2017;96(7):1211–3.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  87. Michai M, Goto H, Hattori S, et al. Soluble CD30: a possible serum tumor marker for primary effusion lymphoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2012;13(10):4939–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  88. Bhatt S, Ashlock BM, Natkunam Y, et al. CD30 targeting with brentuximab vedotin: a novel therapeutic approach to primary effusion lymphoma. Blood. 2013;122(7):1233–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  89. Tolani B, Gopalakrishnan R, Punj V, Matta H, Chaudhary PM. Targeting Myc in KSHV-associated primary effusion lymphoma with BET bromodomain inhibitors. Oncogene. 2014;33(22):2928–37.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  90. Chen BJ, Chapuy B, Ouyang J, et al. PD-L1 expression is characteristic of a subset of aggressive B-cell lymphomas and virus-associated malignancies. Clin Cancer Res. 2013;19(13):3462–73.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  91. Nayar U, Lu P, Goldstein RL, et al. Targeting the Hsp90-associated viral oncoproteome in gammaherpesvirus-associated malignancies. Blood. 2013;122(16):2837–47.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  92. Yang D, Chen W, Xiong J, et al. Interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1) mutation is a common, essential driver for Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus lymphoma. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2014;111(44):E4762–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  93. Dai L, Trillo-Tinoco J, Cao Y, et al. Targeting HGF/c-MET induces cell cycle arrest, DNA damage, and apoptosis for primary effusion lymphoma. Blood. 2015;126(26):2821–31.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  94. Mediani L, Gibellini F, Bertacchini J, et al. Reversal of the glycolytic phenotype of primary effusion lymphoma cells by combined targeting of cellular metabolism and PI3K/Akt/ mTOR signaling. Oncotarget. 2016;7(5):5521–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. Bonsignore L, Passelli K, Pelzer C, et al. A role for MALT1 activity in Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpes virus latency and growth of primary effusion lymphoma. Leukemia. 2017;31(3):614–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Thomas A. Guerrero-Garcia

  2. Bing Center for Waldenström Macroglobulinemia, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Jorge J. Castillo

Authors
  1. Thomas A. Guerrero-Garcia
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jorge J. Castillo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jorge J. Castillo .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA

    Christopher Dittus

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Guerrero-Garcia, T.A., Castillo, J.J. (2020). Plasmablastic Lymphoma and Primary Effusion Lymphoma. In: Dittus, C. (eds) Novel Therapeutics for Rare Lymphomas. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25610-4_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25610-4_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-25609-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-25610-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation