Abstract
This Chapter proposes an unobtrusive sensing solution for monitoring post-stroke rehabilitation exercises within a home environment. It begins with the definition of stroke, its types, statistics and effects. An overview of stroke rehabilitation techniques ranging from multiple exercising and isolated approaches to motor skill learning, mirror imagery, adjuvant therapies and technology-based interventions are all presented in this Chapter. In addition, the potential for the use of unobtrusive sensing solutions such as thermal, radar, optical and ultrasound sensing are considered with practical examples. The Seebeck, time of flight (ToF) and Doppler principles, which are associated with a number of the sensing solutions, are also explained. Furthermore, sensor data fusion (SDF) and its architectures such as centralized, distributed and hybrid architectures are explained. A few examples of SDF applications in automobile and terrestrial light detection are included in addition to the advantages and disadvantages of the approaches. Unobtrusive sensing solutions and their applications in healthcare are captured in this Chapter. The Chapter includes details of initial experimental results on post-stroke rehabilitation exercises which were obtained using thermal and radar sensing solutions. The Chapter concludes with an outline of recommendations for future research.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution.
Buying options
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Learn about institutional subscriptionsReferences
Wilson CB (1999) Sensors in medicine 319:13–15
Dhiraj A, Deepa P (2012) Sensors and their applications. J Phys E: Sci Instrum 1(5):60–68
Spring S, Sutton WM (2015) Classification overview
Lymberis A (2000) Smart wearables for remote health monitoring, from prevention to rehabilitation: current R&D, future challenges. In: Proceedings of the 4th annual IEEE conference on information technology applications in biomedicine, UK, vol 7, no 1, pp 25–4888
Giorgino T, Tormene P, Maggioni G, Pistarini C, Quaglini S (2005) Wearable kinesthetic system for capturing and classifying upper limb gesture in post-stroke rehabilitation. J NeuroEng Rehabil 2:1–16
Whipple RH (1970) Specificity of speed of exercise T 1692–1700
Fung J, Richards CL, Malouin F, McFadyen BJ, Lamontagne A (2006) A treadmill and motion coupled virtual reality system for gait training post-stroke. CyberPsychol Behav 9(2):157–162
Haux R, Koch S, Lovell NH, Marschollek M, Nakashima N, Wolf K-H (2016) Health-enabling and ambient assistive technologies: past, present, future. Yearb Med Inf 25(S 01):S76–S91
D’Aliberti G, Longoni M, Motto C, Oppo V, Perini V, Valvassori L, Vidale S (2017) Emergency management in neurology, pp 1–91
Stroke Association (2018) State of the nation stroke statistics, February
“Pathophysiology_Neuro4Students,” Neuro4Students, 2010. [Online]. Available: https://neuro4students.wordpress.com/pathophysiology/
Morgenstern LB, Hemphill JC III, Anderson C, Becker K, Broderick JP, Connolly ES Jr, Greenberg SM, Huang JN, Macdonald RL, Messé SR, Mitchell PH, Selim M, Tamargo RJ (2010) Guidelines for the management of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke 41(9):2108–2129
Wieroniey A (2016) A new era for stroke. Br J Neurosci Nurs 12:S6–S8
Raffin E, Hummel FC (2018) Restoring motor functions after stroke: multiple approaches and opportunities. Neuroscientist 24(4):400–416
Kalra L, Ratan R (2007) Recent advances in stroke rehabilitation 2006. Stroke 38(2):235–237
Cramer SC (2008) Repairing the human brain after stroke: I. Mechanisms of spontaneous recovery. Ann Neurol 63(3):272–287
Chollet F, Dipiero V, Wise RJS, Brooks DJ, Dolan RJ, Frackowiak RSJ (2018) The functional anatomy of motor recovery after stroke in humans: a study with positron emission tomography. Ann Neurol 29(1):63–71
Hatem S, Saussez G, della Faille M, Prist V, Zhang X, Dispa D, Bleyenheuft Y (2016) Rehabilitation of motor function after stroke: a multiple systematic review focused on techniques to stimulate upper extremity recovery. Front Hum Neurosci 10:bl 442
Kwakkel G, Peppe R, Wagenaar R, Dauphinee C, Richards S, Ashburn A, Kimberly M, Lincoln N, Partridge C, Wellwood I, Langhorne P (2004) Effects of augmented exercise therapy time after stroke: a meta-analysis. Stroke 35(11):2529–2536
Wang R, Chen H, Chen C, Yang Y (2005) Efficacy of Bobath versus orthopaedic approach on impairment and function at different motor recovery stages after stroke: a randomized controlled study. Clin Rehabil 19(2):155–164
Pollock A, Baer G, Campbell P, Choo P, Forster A, Morris J, Pomeroy V (2014) Physical rehabilitation approaches for the recovery of function and mobility following stroke
Delden A, Peper C, Harlaar J, Daffershofer A, Zijp N, Nienhuys K, Koppe P, Kwakkel G, Beek P (2009) Comparing unilateral and bilateral upper limb training: the ULTRA-stroke program design. BMC Neurol 9(1):1–14
Muratori LM, Lamberg EM, Quinn L, Duff SV (2013) Applying principles of motor learning and control to upper extremity rehabilitation. J Hand Ther Off J Am Soc Hand Ther 26(2):94–102, quiz 103
Sirtori V, Corbetta D, Moja L, Gatti R (2009) Constraint-induced movement therapy for upper extremities in stroke patients (review). Cochrane Rev (4):4–6
Wolf SL, Winstein CJ, Miller JP (2006) Effect of constraint-induced movement therapy on upper extremity function 3 to 9 months after stroke: the excite randomized clinical trial. JAMA 296(17):2095–2104
Langhorne P, Coupar F, Pollock A (2009) Motor recovery after stroke: a systematic review. Lancet Neurol 8(8):741–754
Page SJ, Levine P, Leonard A, Szaflarski JP, Kissela BM (2008) Modified constraint-induced therapy in chronic stroke: results of a single-blinded randomized controlled trial. Phys Ther 88(3):333–340
Wittkopf PG, Johnson MI (2017) Mirror therapy: a potential intervention for pain management. Rev Assoc Méd Bras 63(11):1000–1005
Carvalho D, Teixeira S, Lucas M, Yuan T-F, Chaves F, Peressutti C, Machado S, Bittencourt J, Menéndez-González M, Nardi AE, Velasques B, Cagy M, Piedade R, Ribeiro P, Arias-Carrión O (2013) The mirror neuron system in post-stroke rehabilitation. Int Arch Med 6:41
Huynh T (2015) Fundamentals of thermal sensors
Hevesi P, Wille S, Pirkl G, Wehn N, Lukowicz P (2014) Monitoring household activities and user location with a cheap, unobtrusive thermal sensor array. In: Proceedings of the 2014 ACM international joint conference on pervasive and ubiquitous computing—UbiComp’14 Adjunct, pp 141–145
Trofimova AA, Masciadri A, Veronese F, Salice F (2017) Indoor human detection based on thermal array sensor data and adaptive background estimation, March
Mukherjee A, Saha T (2018) Precision Thermocouple Amplifier for substrate temperature monitoring in an ECR-PE nano-film deposition system. In: IEEE, vol 4, no 18
Sobrino JA, Del Frate F, Drusch M, Jiménez-Muñoz JC, Manunta P, Regan A (2016) Review of thermal infrared applications and requirements for future high-resolution sensors. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 54(5):2963–2972
Berni JAJ, Zarco-Tejada PJ, Suárez L, González-Dugo V, Fereres E (2009) Remote sensing of vegetation from UAV platforms using lightweight multispectral and thermal imaging sensors. Int Arch Photogramm Remote Sens Spatial Inform Sci 38:6 pp
Dinh T, Phan H, Qamar A, Woodfield P, Nguyen N, Dao DV (2017) Thermoresistive effect for advanced thermal sensors: fundamentals, design considerations, and applications 26(5):966–986
Khanal S, Fulton J, Shearer S (2017) An overview of current and potential applications of thermal remote sensing in precision agriculture. Comput Electron Agric 139:22–32
Inman K, Wang X, Sangeorzan B (2010) Design of an optical thermal sensor for proton exchange membrane fuel cell temperature measurement using phosphor thermometry. J Power Sour 195(15):4753–4757
Al-Hourani A, Evans R, Farrell P, Moran B, Martorella M, Kandeepan S, Skafidas S (2018) Millimeter-wave integrated radar systems and techniques. In: Academic press library in signal processing, vol 7. Elsevier, pp 317–363
Li C, Peng Z, Huang TY, Fan T, Wang FK, Horng TS, Munoz-Ferreras JM, Gomez-Garcia R, Ran L, Lin JA (2017) A review on recent progress of portable short-range noncontact microwave radar systems. IEEE Trans Microw Theory Tech 65(5):1692–1706
Parker M, Parker M (2017) Pulse doppler radar. In: Digital signal processing, vol 101. Elsevier, pp 241–251
Fidanboylu KA, Efendioglu HS (2011) Fiber optic sensors and their applications. In: Symposium a quarterly journal in modern foreign literatures, May, pp 1–6
Bilal MR (2017) Ultrasonic sensor working applications and advantages. Microcontrollers Lab
Terabee (2016) Time-of-flight principle, measuring the distance between sensor/object
Jitendra R (2013) Multi-sensor data fusion with MATLAB, vol 106, no 11. CRC Press, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW
Lytrivis P, Thomaidis G, Amditis A, Lytrivis P, Thomaidis G (2009) Sensor data fusion in automotive applications. INTECH, February, p 490
Kim T, Kim S, Lee E, Park M (2017) Comparative analysis of RADAR-IR sensor fusion methods for object detection. In: ICCAS, pp 1576–1580
Kim S, Song W, Kim S (2018) Double weight-based SAR and infrared sensor fusion for automatic ground target recognition with deep learning. Remote Sensing 72(10): 2072–4292
Guan K, Wu J, Kimball J, Anderson M, Frolking S, Li B, Hain C, Lobell D The shared and unique values of optical, fluorescence, thermal and microwave satellite data for estimating large-scale crop yields. Remote Sens of Environ 199:333–349
Ivan P (2018) Reconstructing the Roman Site ‘Aquis Querquennis’ 379(10):1–16
Sondhi A (2017) Detecting human emotions: blue eyes technology 2(6):12–16
Van Dijk R, Liang W, Zhang B (2017) Development and evaluation of a non-obtrusive patient monitoring system with smart patient beds. In: Distributed, ambient and pervasive interactions, pp 482–490
Meng L, Miao C, Miao C, Leung C (2017) Towards online and personalized daily activity recognition, habit modeling, and anomaly detection for the solitary elderly through unobtrusive sensing. Multimedia Tools Appl 76(8):10779–10799
Kim JY, Liu N, Tan HX, Chu CH (2017) Unobtrusive monitoring to detect depression for elderly with chronic illnesses. IEEE Sens J 17(17):5694–5704
Kumar MS (2017) Unobtrusive sensing and wearable device for soldiers using WNS 3(10):580–587
Hall T, Lie DYC, Nguyen TQ, Mayeda JC, Lie PE, Lopez J, Banister RE (2017) Non-contact sensor for long-term continuous vital signs monitoring: a review on intelligent phased-array doppler sensor design. Sensors (Switzerland) 17(11):1–20
Diraco G, Leone A, Siciliano P (2017) A radar-based smart sensor for unobtrusive elderly monitoring in ambient assisted living applications. Biosensors 7(4)
Li W, Tan B, Piechocki R (2018) Passive radar for opportunistic monitoring in e-health applications. IEEE J Transl Eng Health Med 6, September 2017
TutorVista.com (2018) Doppler shift formula 7440(iv):1–4
Rafferty J, Synnott J, Nugent C, Ennis A, Catherwood P, McChesney I, Cleland I, McClean S (2018) A scalable, research oriented, generic, sensor data platform. IEEE Access 6:bll 45473–45484
Acknowledgements
This project is supported by the European Union’s INTERREG VA Programme, managed by the Special EU Programmes Body (SEUPB).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ekerete, I., Nugent, C., Giggins, O.M., McLaughlin, J. (2020). Unobtrusive Sensing Solution for Post-stroke Rehabilitation. In: Chen, F., García-Betances, R., Chen, L., Cabrera-Umpiérrez, M., Nugent, C. (eds) Smart Assisted Living. Computer Communications and Networks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25590-9_3
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25590-9_3
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-25589-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-25590-9
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)