Skip to main content

Prognostic Factors of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases

Abstract

Liver metastasis is the leading site of dissemination and cause of death in colorectal cancer. However, this patient group has a variable prognosis that will influence their therapeutic approach.

Our objective in this chapter is to discuss the prognostic characteristics of colorectal liver metastases considering the evolution of biological factors and multimodal treatments in addition to the classically studied factors.

It was didactically divided into prognosis groups: related to the patient (performance status, age, and operative complications), related to the primary tumor (staging, histological differentiation, tumor marker, genetic characteristics, and laterality), related to the liver tumor (histology, localization and volume, interval to metastatic disease, and R0 resection), and related to extrahepatic metastatic disease.

The evolution of studies on prognostic factors related to colorectal liver metastases is bringing more personalized information, individualizing these patients and their treatment.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 99.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 129.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 179.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Siberhumer GR, Paty PB, Denton B, et al. Long-termoncologic outcomes for simultaneous resection of synchronous metastatic liver and primary colorectal cancer. Surgery. 2016;160(1):67–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Coimbra FJ, Ribeiro HS, Marques MC, et al. First brazilian consensus on multimodal treatment of colorectal liver metastases. Module 1: pre-treatment evaluation. Arq Bras Cir Dig. 2015;28(4):222–30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Ihnát P, Vávra P, Zonca P. Treatment strategies for colorectal carinoma with synchronoues liver metastases: which way to go? World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(22):7014–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Rees M, Elias D, Coimbra FJF, et al. Selection for hepatic resection: expert consensus conference. HPB. 2013;15(2):104–5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. Ribeiro HSC, Stevanato-Filho PR, Costa WL Jr, et al. Prognostic factors for survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases: experience of a single Brazilian center. Arq Gastroenterol. 2012;49(4):266–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Coimbra FJ, Pires TC, Costa Junior WL, et al. Advances in surgical treatment of colorectal liver metastases. Rev Assoc Med Bras. 2011;57(2):220–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Spelt L, Andersson B, Nilsson J, et al. Prognostic models for outcome following iver resection for colorectal cancer metastases: a systematic review. EJSO. 2011;38(2012):16–24.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Fong Y, Fortner J, Sun RL, et al. Clinical score for predicting recurrence after hepatic resection for metastatic colorectal cancer: analysis of 1001 consecutie cases. Ann Surg. 1999;230(3):309–21.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Nordilinger B, Guiguet M, Vailant JC, et al. Surgical ressection for colorectal carcinoma metastases to the liver: a prognostic score system to improve case selection, based in 1568 patients. Cancer. 1996;77(7):1254–62.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Schreckenbach T, Malkomes P, Bechstein W, et al. The clinical relevance of the Fong and Nordlinger scores in the era pf effective neoadjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal liver metastases. Surg Today. 2015;45:1527–34.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Adam R, Avisar E, Ariche A, et al. Five year survival following hepatic resection after neoadjuvant therapy for nonresectable colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg Oncol. 2001;8:347–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Acciuffi S, Meyer F, Bauschke A, et al. Analysis of factors after resection of solitary liver metastasis in colorectal cancer: a 22-year bicentre study. J Cancer Res and Clin Oncol. 2018;144:593–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Margonis GA, Buettner S, Andreatos N, et al. Prognostic factors change over time after hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg. 2018;20(20):1–9.

    Google Scholar 

  14. Liu Q, Hao L, Lou Z, et al. Survival time and prognostic factors of patients with initial noncurative colorectal liver metastases. Medicine. 2017;96(51):1–5.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Dindo D, Demartines N, Clavien PA. Classification of surgical complications: a new proposal with evaluation in a cohort of 6336 patients and results of a survey. Ann Surg. 2004;240(2):205–13.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Kuo IM, Huang SF, Chiang JM, et al. Clinical features and prognosis in hepatectomy for colorectal cancer with centrally located liver metastasis. World J Surg Oncol. 2015;13(92):1–12.

    Google Scholar 

  17. Ribeiro HSC, Costa WL Jr, Diniz AL, et al. Extended preoperative chemotherapy, extent of liver resection and blood transfusion are predictive factors of liver failure following resection of colorectal liver metastasis. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2013;39(4):380–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Creasy JM, Sadot E, Koerkamp BS, et al. Actual 10-year survival after hepatic resection of colorectal liver metastases: what factors preclude cure? Surgery. 2018;163:1238–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Araujo RLC, Gonen M, Allen P, et al. Positive postoperative CEA is a strong predictor of recurrence for patients after resection for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22(9):3087–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Tsilimigras DI, Stathopoulos IN, Bagante F, et al. Clinical significance and prognostic relevance of KRAS, BRAF, PI3K and TP53 genetic mutation analysis for resectable and unresectable colorectal liver metastases: a systematic review of the current evidence. Surg Oncol. 2018;27:280–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Margonis GA, Buettner S, Andreatos N, et al. Association of BRAF mutations with survival and recurrence in surgically treated patients with metastatic colorectal liver cancer. JAMA Surg. 2018;153(7):E1–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Vauthey JN, Zimmitti G, Kopetz SE, et al. RAS mutation status predicts survival and patterns of recurrence in patients undergoing hepatectomy for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg. 2013;258(4):619–26.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Passot G, Denbo JW, Yamashita S, et al. Is hepatectomy justified for patients with RAS mutant colorectal liver metastases? An analysis of 524 patients undergoing curative liver resection. Surgery. 2017;161(2):332–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  24. Modest DP, Stintzing S, Weikersthal LF, et al. Primary tumor location and efficacy of second-line therapy after initial treatment with FOLFIRI in combination with cetuximab or bevacizumab in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:3525.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Venook AP, Ou FS, Lenz HJ, et al. Primary tumor location as an independent prognostic maker from molecular features for overall survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cáncer: analysis of CALGB/SWOG 80405 (Alliance). J Clin Oncol. 2017;35:3503.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  26. Marques MC, Ribeiro HS, Costa WL Jr, et al. Is primary sidedness a prognostic factor in patients with resected colon cáncer liver metastases (CLM)? J Surg Oncol. 2018;117(5):858–63.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Wang K, Xu D, Yan XL, et al. The impact of primary tumor location in patients undergoing hepatic resection for colorectal liver metástasis. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2018;44:771–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Ridder JAM, Knijn N, Wiering B, et al. Lymphatic invasion is an independent adverse prognostic factor in patients with colorectal liver metastasis. Ann Surg Oncol. 2015;22:638–45.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Coimbra FJF, Ribeiro HSC, Torres OJM. I Brazilian consensus for multimodal treatment of colorectal liver metastases. Arq Bras Cir Dig. 2015;28(4):221.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  30. Hosokawa I, Allard MA, Gelli M, et al. Long-term survival benefit and potential for cure after R1 resection for colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg Oncol. 2016;23(6):1897–905.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Adam R, Delvart V, Pascal G, et al. Rescue surgery for unresectable colorectal liver metastases downstaged by chemotherapy: a model to predict long-term survival. Ann Surg. 2004;240:644–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Margonis GA, Buettner S, Andreatos N, et al. Anatomical resections improve disease-free survival in patients with KRAS-mutated colorectal liver metastases. Ann Surg. 2017;266(4):641–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Coimbra, F.J.F. et al. (2020). Prognostic Factors of Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastasis. In: Correia, M., Choti, M., Rocha, F., Wakabayashi, G. (eds) Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25486-5_7

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25486-5_7

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-25485-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-25486-5

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics